Abstract
Summary This work demonstrates a low-cost, high-energy Fe-Al hybrid liquid battery that takes advantage of the desirable properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The strategy of additive enables the full charging and discharging of the Fe-Al battery with long cycle life while the stable stripping and deposition of Al is achieved. Using Fe(210) catholyte at a concentration of 5 M, the Fe-Al battery can deliver a high energy density of approximately 166 Wh L −1 with an average operating voltage of 1.41 V. Furthermore, by dissociating the iron complexes in Fe(126) DES, the Fe-Al battery can achieve the full charge and discharge over 60 cycles without degradation. Here, an all-DES-based liquid battery is proposed with an ultrahigh concentration of redox species, resulting in high energy density. The DES maintains reduced lattice energy and depressed freezing point and provides a new platform for developing green redox species based on new chemistry.
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