A Lagrangian-based algorithm for a Multiple Depot, Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem

Abstract

In this manuscript, we consider the problem of motion planning of m Dubins’ vehicles through n points in a plane. The initial location and heading of the vehicles is specified and is assumed to be distinct for each vehicle. A motion plan for a vehicle is given by the sequence of points and the corresponding angles at which each point must be visited by the vehicle. We require that each vehicle return to the same initial location (depot) at the same heading after visiting the points. The objective of the motion planning problem is to choose at most q ( ≤ m ) Dubins’ vehicles and find their motion plans so that all the points are visited and the total cost of the tours of the chosen vehicles is a minimum amongst all the possible choice of vehicles and their tours. This problem is a generalization of the Multiple Depot, Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem (MDMTSP) in two directions — the problem involves the determination of choice of vehicles and their respective headings at each of their assigned points. This problem is NP-hard. We propose a two step approach to solve this problem — (1) The combinatorial problem of choosing the vehicles and their associated tours is based on Euclidean distances between points and (2) Once the sequence of points to be visited is found, the heading at each point is determined based on a Dynamic Programming scheme. The solution to the first step is based on a generalization of Held–Karp’s method for the MDMTSP. We modify the Lagrangian heuristics, in the literature, for finding a close primal solution from the Held–Karp’s (dual) solution. Empirical results indicate that this scheme seems to provide primal solutions which are within 5 % of the optimum in the span of 25 dual iterations for instances which have about 45 points to visit and 6 vehicles.