Abstract
A simple plug-flow model was developed to study the deactivation mechanisms of hydroprocessing catalysts in atmospheric residue desulfurization (ARDS) units. The three stages of catalyst deactivationat the start of the run, middle of the run, and end of the runare considered. The catalyst deactivation is mainly due to metal and coke deposition. The model parameters considered are the unit temperature, fluid velocity, reaction rate constant, catalyst combination, catalyst bed length, and feed concentration of sulfur, metals, and asphaltenes. The simulated results compared very well with our laboratory data for a long catalyst life test operated under constant-temperature mode. The model is further applied to a parametric study that examines the effects of space velocity, unit temperature, and maximum metal capacity on the performance of catalyst systems. A constant-sulfur-mode simulation is also given.
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