A hybrid system for lead removal of simulated battery industry Wastewater using electrocoagulation/electroflotation

Nano metallothionein for lead removal from battery industry waste water

Background: Lead ions form a dangerous pollutant to both human and aqua lives when discharged to the environment with wastewater due to the diseases and the damage of the live cells caused by these ions, so, it is very important to find an effective method for lead ions removel. Methodology: Lead ions were successfully recovered from simulated wastewater by a flowthrough batch recycle electrochemical reactor with stainless steel tubes bundle as a cathode operating under mass transfer control conditions in 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte solution. Effects of initial lead ions concentration, electrolyte flow rate, and PH were studied and the mass transfer coefficient was determined under these conditions. Performance of this reactor was analyzed by the construction of some figures of merit like fractional conversion, specific energy consumption, space-time yield, and space velocity. Results: Experimental results were correlated in the general form of a dimensionless mass transfer correlation as SH = 1.024Re0.00699Sc1/3.

This study utilizes the adsorption process to reduce the concentration of lead ions in battery industry wastewater by using adsorbents from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This research aims to determine the ability of a bioadsorbent activated by a 0.1 M HCl solution to adsorb Pb2+ through FTIR and AAS characterization. The bioadsorbent was contacted into a standardized solution of Pb2+ with varying contact times (viz., 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 140, 210, and 280 to determine the maximum adsorption). The highest absorption of the Pb2+ in battery industry wastewater took place for 210 minutes. The absorption ability was 94.45%, with 8.1488 ppm as the initial concentration. Then, this study shows that this characterization before the activation of 0.1 M HCl has O-H, C-H, C=O, and C-O ether functional groups. All three identified the presence of cellulose. Post-activation, lignin, and hemicellulose disappeared due to the vibration of the C=O group. However, an increase in the intensity of the vibrational peak at the C-O group indicates the presence of carbon chain linking in cellulose. Finally, after contact with battery industry effluent, bending vibrations were lost because the H atoms in the functional groups had been substituted with Pb2+.

27 - Recovery of critical raw materials from battery industry process and wastewaters

The nitrogen cycle has been drastically perturbed by humans. In particular, aqueous nitrate and ammonia discharges have outpaced removal at wastewater treatment plants. These nitrogen species are more than pollutants, they are critical products in the manufacturing of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, and other chemical commodities. Thus, water reuse can play a critical role in rebalancing the nitrogen cycle and reducing the environmental impacts of chemical manufacturing. This presentation focuses on valorizing agricultural runoff by converting nitrate to ammonia and recovering high-purity ammonia because of ammonia’s status as the precursor for almost all nitrogen-containing commodity chemicals. We pursue electrochemical methods because they facilitate replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy inputs and enable distributed implementation that matches the distributed nature of our target wastewaters. Ultimately, electrochemically refining wastewater NO3– and NH4+ to NH3 can (1) remediate legacy Nr pollution in the environment, (2) recover valuable Nr resources, and (3) reduce the need for virgin Nr production and related emissions from Haber-Bosch facilities.This study describes electrodialysis and nitrate reduction (EDNR), a reactive electrochemical separation architecture that combines catalysis and separations to remediate nitrate and ammonium-polluted wastewaters while recovering ammonia. By engineering operating parameters (e.g., background electrolyte, applied potential, electrolyte flow rate), we achieved near-complete recovery and conversion of Nr in both simulated and real wastewaters. EDNR process demonstrated long-term robustness and recovered >100 mM ammonium fertilizer solution from 8.2 mM Nr-containing agricultural runoff. EDNR is the first reported process to our knowledge that remediates dilute real wastewater and recovers ammonia from multiple Nr pollutants, with an energy consumption (245 MJ/kg NH3-N in simulated wastewater, 920 MJ/kg NH3-N in agricultural runoff) on par with the state-of-the-art. In addition to the titanium catalysts used in proof-of-concept EDNR, we also compare the performance of cobalt catalysts that exhibit higher selectivity towards ammonia. Overall, our reactive separations achieved superior performance in real agricultural runoff as direct treatment of simplified solutions. Observed rates exceeded those of conventional wastewater nitrogen removal technologies, and enable energy-efficient distributed ammonia production as a fuel, fertilizer, or precursor for other commodity chemicals.

Characterization of agriculture wastes based activated carbon for removal of hydrogen sulfide from petroleum refinery waste water

Removal of lead and zinc from battery industry wastewater using electrocoagulation process: Influence of direct and alternating current by using iron and stainless steel rod electrodes

This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Battery industry for an effluent containing lead ion. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as electro coagulation.The electrochemical process, which uses a cell comprised aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode was applied to simulated wastewater containing lead ion in concentration 30 – 120 mg/l, at different operational conditions such as current density 0.4-1.2 mA/cm2, pH 6 -10 , and time 10 - 180 minute.The results showed that the best operating conditions for complete lead removal (100%) at maximum concentration 120 mg/l was found to be 1.2 mA/cm2 current density, in alkaline media pH = 10 , and at 120 minute.

Removal of lead by solar-photovoltaic electrocoagulation using novel perforated zinc electrode

Optimization of the electrocoagulation process for the removal of copper, lead and cadmium in natural waters and simulated wastewater

Locally available natural waste such as cashew nut shell (CNS), a byproduct of cashew nut industry, was found to be a low‐cost material and also a promising adsorbent for removing lead(II) ions from simulated wastewater. A batch adsorption study was carried out with various adsorption parameters, such as solution pH, CNS dose, contact time, initial lead(II) ion concentration, and temperature. The kinetic data were analyzed using four adsorption kinetic models: the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order equations, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd kinetic equation to determine the best fit equation for the adsorption of lead(II) ions onto CNS. Kinetics of lead(II) ions adsorption by CNS is better described by the pseudo‐second‐order equation. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, have also been evaluated and it has been found that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. The experimental data were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm equations. The equilibrium data were found to fit well in the Freundlich isotherm, which confirmed the multilayer coverage of lead(II) ions onto CNS. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the CNS was found to be 17.82 mg/g. A single‐state batch adsorber system was designed to estimate the amount of adsorbent required to treat the known volume of the effluent using the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The results indicate that the CNS can be used to effectively adsorb lead(II) from wastewater. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 55–64, 2014

A Zn(II)-based fluorescent metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and applied as a highly sensitive and quickly responsive chemical sensor for antibiotic detection in simulated wastewater. The fluorescent chemical sensor, denoted FCS-1, exhibited enhanced fluorescence derived from its highly ordered, 3D MOF structure as well as excellent water stability in the practical pH range of simulated antibiotic wastewater (pH = 3.0-9.0). Remarkably, FCS-1 was able to effectively detect a series of sulfonamide antibiotics via photoinduced electron transfer that caused detectable fluorescence quenching, with fairly low detection limits. Two influences impacting measurements related to wastewater treatment and water quality monitoring, the presence of heavy-metal ions and the pH of solutions, were studied in terms of fluorescence quenching, which was nearly unaffected in sulfonamide-antibiotic detection. Additionally, the effective detection of sulfonamide antibiotics was rationalized by the theoretical computation of the energy bands of sulfonamide antibiotics, which revealed a good match between the energy bands of FCS-1 and sulfonamide antibiotics, in connection with fluorescence quenching in this system.

The present study deals with removal of lead from simulated wastewater using a continuous packed bed bioreactor packed with lead-resistant Acinetobacter sp 158 immobilized on coconut coir chips. Acinetobacter sp 158 was isolated from battery industry effluent mud, and biocatalysts were made by using attached growth technique. In order to investigate reactor performance, a set of programmed experiments was performed. The potential of bioconversion of lead through immobilized cell was studied by changing initial substrate concentration along with flow rate with an intention to predict removal of lead through judicious modeling and simulation exercise.

The current education explores the magnetite aptitude by way of adsorbent in eliminating lead metal from simulated wastewater (SWW). The effect of magnetite dose, initial lead concentration, pH solution, and Adsorption time on the elimination procedure remained explored. The adsorbent remained considered through different instrumental methods (FTIR, SEM, and surface area analyzer) and was rummage-sale aimed at the elimination of Pb2+ metals from SWW. It remained initiate that the lead elimination touched 88.9 % through 0.3 g magnetite dose,75 min,2 ppm original concentration of lead thru pH = 6 at room temperature. The limits of adsorption were strong-minded aimed at heavy metals adsorption utilizing Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The consequences deliver robust evidence to support the adsorption mechanism hypothesis.

Pilot-scale separation of lead and sulfate ions from aqueous solutions using electrodialysis: Application and parameter optimization for the battery industry