A histopathological study of colorectal neoplasms in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

A wide variety of lesions affect the colon, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic. The clinical diagnosis is usually delayed due to vague symptoms. Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common tumor type worldwide, and one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths. Pathological examination of biopsy and resected specimens are of crucial for determining the extent of disease, patient management and prognosis assessment. Our aim is to study the histomorphology of various neoplastic lesions of colorectum, to evaluate the incidence, age and sex ratio and classify them in to benign and malignant tumors. A cross-sectional study for 2 years from 1st June 2016 to 31st May 2018 and total of 44 cases were evaluated. The material for study comprised of both resected specimens and biopsies of neoplastic lesions of colorectum received in department of Pathology in J. J. M Medical College were subjected for detailed examination including gross and histopathological findings. Out of 44 specimen received, 17(38.7%) were resected specimens and 27(61.3%) were biopsy specimens and the lesions were further classified in to benign and malignant with 34% and 66% respectively. Most common histological variant of malignant tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and most common benign tumor was juvenile polyp. The majority of patients are between 61-70 years. Females were most commonly affected. Malignant lesions are more common than benign lesions in the colon. Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant lesions of colon in our study. Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Colorectal, Neoplasm, Polyp.