Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions occur in the kidney. Pathological assessment of gross and microscopic features in nephrectomy specimens is essential for diagnosis and predicts the prognosis in malignant tumours.
 Materials and Methods: Case records of 46 nephrectomy specimens received between two-year periods were retrieved. Detailed gross and histopathological and immunohistochemical features were studied, and malignant tumours were analysed using CAP protocol.
 Results: Out of 46 nephrectomy specimens, 17 were non-neoplastic and 29 neoplastic. Males constituted 32 cases and females 14 cases. The commonest non-neoplastic kidney lesion was chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (29%). The mixed epithelial and stromal tumour was the frequently encountered benign tumour (50%). Renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour in adults (70%) and Wilms tumour in children (4%).
 Conclusion: Histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimens helps in diagnosing, staging, and planning the management.
Highlights
Introduction and AimVarious non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions occur in the kidney
Widespread use of non-invasive imaging modalities like ultrasonography (USG), Computed tomography (CT)scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have led to increased detection of incidental renal mass [5].Random urine cytology performed on three nonconsecutive days increases the sensitivity of the detection of upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) [6]
Nephron sparing surgeries or partial nephrectomy is indicated in bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or RCC involving a solitary functioning kidney and small RCC less than 4cm in size [5, 9].Laparoscopic and robotic approaches have significantly reduced the morbidity of partial nephrectomy procedures compared to open approaches [10]
Summary
Introduction and AimVarious non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions occur in the kidney. Common non-neoplastic lesions are chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) and hydronephrosis (HDN), while renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Wilms’ tumour are the commonest renal malignancies in adults and children, respectively. Both benign and malignant tumours occur in the kidney, of which the latter is more common [2]. Histopathological examination of nephroureterectomy specimens is of utmost importance for confirmation of the diagnosis It helps assess the prognostic factors like tumour size, histologic subtype, percentage of tumour necrosis, tumour grade, and stage in malignant tumours, which are the determinants of the patient's survival rate [11]
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