Abstract
To solve the problem of the unauthorized GMP components within import and export goods, the LI-US (Logic Identification of unauthorized GMP content by Universal-primer Suspension-array) system, which takes advantage of suspension array and logic calculator, was developed in the present study. Seventeen signal input channels have been optimized and validated in our research to ensure the multiplex practicality of the LI-US system. Three LI-US logic gates, including a YES gate, an OR gate and an AND gate, were designed as different detection strategies for GMP identification. The feasibility and specificity of the LI-US system were validated in the present study. Combining the optimization and evaluation of the signal input procedure, the sensitivity of this LI-US system reached 0.05% of the GMP mass concentration. The practicability evaluation of LI-US demonstrated its application within different substrates and varieties. In conclusion, the LI-US system was developed with extremely high specificity, sensitivity and practicability among different substrates and varieties, which could meet the demands of unauthorized GMP contents for both import and export goods.
Highlights
TM Since the first commercialized event, the delayed-maturity tomatoes FLAVR SAVR in 1996, the industry of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has achieved significant development[1]
We reported the LI-US system in the present study, which utilizes the suspension array results as the input signal and the presence of the potentially unauthorized GMP content as the output signal
By combining the signal input of suspension array with calculations by different logic gates, we achieved the LI-US system, a serial GMP content logic detection strategies to meet the different conditions of GMP identification
Summary
TM Since the first commercialized event, the delayed-maturity tomatoes FLAVR SAVR in 1996, the industry of genetically modified plants (GMPs) has achieved significant development[1]. As the identification of unauthorized GMP components includes the PCR amplification of different screening elements or event sequences[8,9,10,11], the utilization of high-throughput technologies is essential to save labor and achieve reliable results. Several technologies, including ChIP-12,13, sequencing-8,14 and PCR-based methodologies[15,16], have been developed to meet various demands, such as gene expression evaluation, SNP identification and multiplex component distinction. Suspension array, known as liquid bead array, has been developed to achieve extremely high-throughput identification through advanced fluidics, optics and digital signal processing, combining polystyrene microsphere sets for the detection of multiplex targets[21,22,23,24,25]. Because of the comparably higher sensitivity and specificity and lower experimental costs, the fluorescence signal has become the most popular and efficient method to establish different logic gates
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