Abstract
BackgroundBarbarea vulgaris is a wild cruciferous plant and include two distinct types: the G- and P-types named after their glabrous and pubescent leaves, respectively. The types differ significantly in resistance to a range of insects and diseases as well as glucosinolates and other chemical defenses. A high-density linkage map was needed for further progress to be made in the molecular research of this plant.ResultsWe performed restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) on an F2 population generated from G- and P-type B. vulgaris. A total of 1545 SNP markers were mapped and ordered in eight linkage groups, which represents the highest density linkage map to date for the crucifer tribe Cardamineae. A total of 722 previously published genome contigs (50.2 Mb, 30% of the total length) can be anchored to this high density genetic map, an improvement compared to a previously published map (431 anchored contigs, 38.7 Mb, 23% of the assembly genome). Most of these (572 contigs, 31.2 Mb) were newly anchored to the map, representing a significant improvement. On the basis of the present high-density genetic map, 37 QTL were detected for eleven traits, each QTL explaining 2.9–71.3% of the phenotype variation. QTL of glucosinolates, leaf size and color traits were in most cases overlapping, possibly implying a functional connection.ConclusionsThis high-density linkage map and the QTL obtained in this study will be useful for further understanding of the genetic of the B. vulgaris and molecular basis of these traits, many of which are shared in the related crop watercress.
Highlights
Barbarea vulgaris is a wild cruciferous plant and include two distinct types: the G- and Pubescent type (P-type) named after their glabrous and pubescent leaves, respectively
There are two morphologically, chemically and biologically distinct types of B. vulgaris: the Glabrous type (G-type) named after its glabrous leaves and the P-type named after its pubescent leaves [3,4,5]
RAD sequencing, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection and genotyping In the present study, a total of 137.4 G raw data was generated by Illumina HiSeq platform sequencing from the F2 population and 134.5 G (527.6 Mb per plant on average) high-quality clean data was obtained after trimming adaptors and filtering out low quality reads
Summary
Barbarea vulgaris is a wild cruciferous plant and include two distinct types: the G- and P-types named after their glabrous and pubescent leaves, respectively. The above findings define Barbarea vulgaris as an important genetic resource for pest and disease resistance as well as genes responsible for glucosinolates and saponins. G-type B. vulgaris has a potential use in ‘dead-end trap cropping’ for diamondback moth management [21,22,23] Another important goal of B. vulgaris research is to confer resistance traits (resistance to diseases and pests, cold tolerance, etc.) to cultivated crucifers. To achieve this goal, intertribal somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and B. vulgaris was tried but the hybrid plants could grow under in vitro conditions but not be recovered, revealing compatibility problems between the species [24]. Due to more recent progress in genetic transformation technology [25,26,27], identification of resistance genes in B. vulgaris can benefit from biotechnology-based breeding of cruciferous crops
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