A Green Mechanism Design Approach to Automate Resource Procurement in Cloud

Major US electric utility climate pledges have the potential to collectively reduce power sector emissions by one-third

In this paper, we used the life-cycle analysis (LCA) method to evaluate the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of natural gas (NG) distributed generation (DG) projects in China. We took the China Resources Snow Breweries (CRSB) NG DG project in Sichuan province of China as a base scenario and compared its life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions performance against five further scenarios. We found the CRSB DG project (all energy input is NG) can reduce GHG emissions by 22%, but increase energy consumption by 12% relative to the scenario, using coal combined with grid electricity as an energy input. The LCA also indicated that the CRSB project can save 24% of energy and reduce GHG emissions by 48% relative to the all-coal scenario. The studied NG-based DG project presents major GHG emissions reduction advantages over the traditional centralized energy system. Moreover, this reduction of energy consumption and GHG emissions can be expanded if the extra electricity from the DG project can be supplied to the public grid. The action of combining renewable energy into the NG DG system can also strengthen the dual merit of energy conservation and GHG emissions reduction. The marginal CO2 abatement cost of the studied project is about 51 USD/ton CO2 equivalent, which is relatively low. Policymakers are recommended to support NG DG technology development and application in China and globally to boost NG utilization and control GHG emissions.

Life cycle assessment of the energy consumption and GHG emissions of state-of-the-art automotive battery cell production

The potential challenge for the effective GHG emissions mitigation of urban energy consumption: A case study of Macau

Aluminum production is a major energy consumer and important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Estimation of the energy consumption and GHG emissions caused by aluminum production in China has attracted widespread attention because China produces more than half of the global aluminum. This paper conducted life cycle (LC) energy consumption and GHG emissions analysis of primary and recycled aluminum in China for the year 2020, considering the provincial differences on both the scale of self-generated electricity consumed in primary aluminum production and the generation source of grid electricity. Potentials for energy saving and GHG emissions reductions were also investigated. The results indicate that there are 157,207 MJ of primary fossil energy (PE) consumption and 15,947 kg CO2-eq of GHG emissions per ton of primary aluminum ingot production in China, with the LC GHG emissions as high as 1.5–3.5 times that of developed economies. The LC PE consumption and GHG emissions of recycled aluminum are very low, only 7.5% and 5.3% that of primary aluminum, respectively. Provincial-level results indicate that the LC PE and GHG emissions intensities of primary aluminum in the main production areas are generally higher while those of recycled aluminum are lower in the main production areas. LC PE consumption and GHG emissions can be significantly reduced by decreasing electricity consumption, self-generated electricity management, low-carbon grid electricity development, and industrial relocation. Based on this study, policy suggestions for China’s aluminum industry are proposed. Recycled aluminum industry development, restriction of self-generated electricity, low-carbon electricity utilization, and industrial relocation should be promoted as they are highly helpful for reducing the LC PE consumption and GHG emissions of the aluminum industry. In addition, it is recommended that the central government considers the differences among provinces when designing and implementing policies.

The reliance on groundwater for irrigation is increasing in Australia and India, which is causing concerns to policy makers about energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, it is important to quantify the GHG emissions of all components of the groundwater‐based irrigation systems, over the entire life cycle to develop more environmentally friendly groundwater management strategies. This study identified and analysed energy use and GHG emissions associated with different components in the supply chain of groundwater‐based irrigation systems. An existing GHG emissions and energy‐accounting framework was adapted to enhance its capabilities by considering drilling techniques, water distribution and irrigation application methods. The results of this study highlighted that embodied and direct GHG emissions from drilling tube wells were higher in the Musi catchment, India, compared to South Australia. The study also highlighted that GHG emissions associated with water conveyance were higher for concrete and plastic‐lined channels than unlined channels. Drip irrigation systems in both countries were found to have more GHG emissions than gravity‐fed systems. Centre pivot systems were found to be emitting more than the drip systems in South Australia. We conclude that different components of the system have an impact on total GHG emissions and energy consumption for both countries. Any change in the most commonly used methods of drilling bore wells, water distribution in channels, and the irrigation methods, will have distinct impacts on energy consumption rates and GHG emissions. The developed conceptual framework provided a systematic complete analysis of the energy‐consuming and GHG‐emitting components associated with groundwater‐based irrigation systems. Policy makers and decision makers may use the developed framework to compare different system components to develop strategies that have minimal impact on the environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 产业园区温室气体排放清单 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306091508 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学环境学院,北京师范大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(91325302,41271543);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAK30B03);国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金(51121003);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130003110027) Greenhouse Gas Inventory of industrial parks in China Author: Affiliation: School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:温室气体排放所导致的全球气候变化是国际社会长期关注的热点问题,它严重限制了人类社会的发展并威胁着人类的生存。产业园区通常集中了一个区域主要的生产要素与生产能力,也代表着特定产业在该区域的发展水平,理应作为发展低碳经济的基础单元和减少温室气体排放的重要控制点,也可以成为解决区域资源、环境问题的突破口。明确了产业园区温室气体排放的系统边界和内部结构,梳理了产业园区全生命周期温室气体排放行为,综合考虑产业园区能源消耗、工业生产、物质材料消耗、仪器设备投入、废弃物处理处置、景观绿化等过程,建立产业园区温室气体排放核算方法,并对案例园区进行了清单分析。结果表明:案例园区整个生命周期的温室气体排放量为1872177 t CO2-eq,其中运行管理阶段占全生命周期排放的比例最高,为95.35%。建设阶段的温室气体排放总量中建筑材料消耗引起的排放占到96.95%,主要集中在建筑工程、内部装修工程和外部装饰工程3个环节。运行管理阶段电力消耗、热力消耗和污水处理过程的排放量占到总量的98.69%。根据核算及分析结果提出了案例园区在建设和运行管理阶段实现温室气体减排的建议。 Abstract:Global climate change caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has severely limited the development of human society and threatened the survival of humanity. Gathering the primary production factors and capacity of the region, an industrial park represents the development level of specific industries in the region. Therefore, the industrial park should be regarded as the base unit for developing a low-carbon economy and reducing GHG emissions, and also a breakthrough in allocating regional resource and overcoming environmental problems. Low-carbon mode has become a trend of development in industrial parks. Researches about GHG emissions from industrial parks make suggestions on the critical points for controlling GHG emissions and provide guidance for the construction or reform projects of low-carbon industrial parks, as well as providing references for entry thresholds and emission standards of low-carbon industrial parks. This study selects the high-end industrial parks as research object, defines the boundary of GHG inventories, and clarifies the structure of the carbon sources. In this study, a GHG inventory is set up to analyze the life-cycle GHG emissions from industrial parks, which includes 6 types of GHG emission sources, namely energy consumption, industrial production, materials consumption, equipments investment, waste disposal and landscaping. The above method was used for one high-end low carbon industrial park in Beijing as a case study. The results were as follows: (1)the overall GHG emission of the whole life-cycle is 1872177 t CO2-eq. The construction stage takes up 4.546% which means 85105.82 t CO2-eq GHG emission with an intensity of 801.69 kg CO2-eq /m2; while the operation stage contributes the great majority of GHG emission, which achieves a proportion of 95.352%. The GHG emission of operation stage is 37717.18 t CO2-eq, and the intensity is 355.29 kg CO2-eq /m2. (2) During the construction stage of the case industrial park, the top 3 emission sources are S (59.71%), ID (20.33%) and OD (11.40%), followed by L (3.74%), V (1.78%) and R (1.09%). The other 6 steps only take up the proportion of less than 1%. (3) More attention should be given tothe processes of sewage treatment, heat energy consumption and electricity consumption, as they contribute 98.69% of the stage emission. Finally, based on the analysis of the results, suggestions for GHG reduction are proposed to guide the low-carbon development of the high-end industrial park, such as making use of the local materials to reduce the amount of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions due to the long-range transport, using the low carbon and regeneration construction materials instead of the traditional ones to reduce the GHG emission from the upstream production process and downstream disposal, scientifically arranging the construction progress to promote a safe and low carbon form of construction work, applying advanced management methods and strengthening the propaganda of energy conservation and emissions reduction. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Development of model on energy consumption and emissions of air pollutants and GHGS in China

While there is strong demand for cement because of its widespread use in modern society, its production is a source of international concern due to the large amounts of energy required and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced in the process. These GHGs deplete the ozone layer and speed up global warming. Therefore, it is important to investigate several methods of handling this issue, and material replacement has been proposed as the best option among many others. In this study, we examine the different strategies that have employed material substitution to reduce energy use and GHG emissions during the past decade. In this study, we provided an overview of the cement production processes and outlined the various material replacement choices available to us (including waste or recycled materials and other materials). This study found that partial (1–60%) and total material substitution in cement production processes have been reported to lower energy consumption by 5.5% to 40% and greenhouse gas emissions by 1% to 94%. This highlights the importance of material substitution in cement production for reducing energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases.

Impacts of green certification programs on energy consumption and GHG emissions in buildings: A spatial regression approach

The potential contribution of food wastage reductions driven by information technology on reductions of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Japan

The progress and expansion of data centre industry is driven by ever growing business domains, end user applications from consumers and performance improvement limitations. Due to continuous increase in the size and magnitude of these tier level data centres there is a continuous demand for energy consumption and emission of green house gases that has started to limit further performance progression due to overwhelming electricity bills and global warming effects hazardous for global health and environmental sustainability. The research highlighted in this paper discusses about instigates and problems of high power/energy consumption, and explores the reasons why energy savings in data centre is an important issue. It then spotlights the importance of implementing green metrics for measuring efficiency of data centre in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Metrics are instruments used to measure the performance of data centre. We proposed a methodology to choose appropriate metrics suitable for measuring data centre efficiency and performance in terms of energy efficiency, cost savings, green initiatives and CO2 emissions. The proposed methodology helps data centre managers to select appropriate metrics and then set benchmarks.

The need to extend the study of greenhouse impacts of mining and mineral processing to hydraulic streams: long distance pipelines count

We calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of two French beekeeping systems, one amateur system (Amat) and one professional system (Pro) with 300 hives. The GHG emissions reach 2.7 kgCO2eq/kg of honey for Amat and 1.49 for Pro. Travel to visit the apiaries accounted for 59% of the total GHG emissions for Amat and 28% for Pro, and sugar accounted for 21% and 41%, respectively. The energy consumption reached 37.4 MJ/kg for Amat and 19.9 MJ/kg for Pro; travel represented 65% of energy consumption for Amat and 34% for Pro, and sugar accounted for 15% and 32%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the most important factor influencing GHG emissions was the bee mortality rate, followed by the distances covered by vehicles and the level of sugar use. The average energy consumption per kg of dry matter produced between Amat and Pro is close to that observed for French dairy cattle production. The GHG emissions are well below those of dairy production, by factors of 3.7 and 6.6 for Amat and Pro, respectively. Finally, we make the following recommendations to improve the environmental performance of beekeeping farms, in terms of GHG emissions and energy consumption, in the French context but a priori also in other contexts i) maintain efforts to identify and reduce causes of bee mortality; ii) limiting distances traveled and using low-energy, low-carbon vehicles; and iii) using well-insulated hives. We also provide the GHG emission and energy consumption factors for the artificial swarms purchased.

Substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) increase the global warming potential, underscoring the importance of addressing their role in GHG mitigation. This study proposes a strategy development approach that analyzes unit-process-based energy consumption, direct and indirect GHG emissions, and scenario impacts to create integrated water–energy–GHG solutions. The analysis of four WWTPs in Seoul Metropolitan City (SMC) identified aeration as the most energy-intensive process, consuming over 40% of the total energy. In addition, substantial GHG emissions were observed, with total indirect emissions surpassing direct emissions. To address these challenges, five future scenarios targeting 2050 were developed and analyzed: (1) replacing aeration diffusers, (2) reducing wastewater production, (3) adjusting treatment levels, (4) increasing renewable energy production, and (5) integrating all measures. Scenario 1 proved most effective in reducing energy and GHG emission intensity, Scenario 4 achieved high energy self-sufficiency, and Scenario 5 enabled some plants to achieve net-zero energy and carbon conditions. The approach proposed in this study provides actionable insights to support carbon neutrality through targeted water–energy–GHG strategies.