A Glimpse of Sustainable Electronics Manufacturing for India: A Study Using PEST-SWOT Analysis

Industrialisation is an important engine of growth and ‘catch up’, but also associated with harmful carbon dioxide emissions and hence with climate change. This poses a challenge for sustainable industrial development, particularly for late industrialisers on how to industrialise while also mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. This paper investigates the effect of technology intensity across manufacturing industries on carbon dioxide emissions: are medium- and high-technology manufacturing industries less emissions-intensive than low-technology manufacturing industries in developing countries? The paper analyses this relationship for a panel of 68 developing and emerging economies over the period 1990–2016, by adapting the environmental Kuznets curve and the stochastic effect by regression on population, affluence and technology approaches. Using two alternative measures of emissions and estimating generalised method of moments model, the results show that medium- and high-technology manufacturing industries are associated with lower carbon dioxide emissions than low-technology manufacturing industries. The results also show that these differences vary by the income levels of countries. These findings have important policy implications, suggesting that a shift towards more technology-intensive manufacturing production processes may be a more environmentally sustainable industrialisation path for developing countries.

This study explores the determinants of the export performance of Indonesia's low-, medium-, and high-technology manufacturing industries by focusing on the role of raw-material imports and technical efficiency. Micro firm-level data from 2010-2015 were utilized for the analysis in this study. The stochastic frontier analysis was employed to measure technical inefficiency and to determine its effect on export performance. Our findings indicate that in all categories of industry technical efficiency, raw materials imports, foreign direct investment (FDI), location, firm size, labour productivity, and concentration of industries were significant determinants of export performance. While high efficiency increases exports in low- and medium-technology firms, exports decrease in firms with high efficiency accompanied by high imports, FDI, size, and labour productivity. Furthermore, in high-technology industries, efficiency reduces exports and again increases them when mediated by a concentration of industries and location. The empirical strategy also supports the positive effect of imports on export performance in both industries, which also aligns with decreased exports in firms with high imports accompanied by high FDI, efficiency, labour productivity, the concentration of industries, and size. To this end, the study has implications for low-, medium-, and high-technology manufacturing that are mainly concerned with increasing exports.

3 - PEST and SWOT analysis of international interlibrary loan

The aim of this study is to measure the competitiveness of Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) in high-technology manufacturing industries. For this purpose, Ballassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) index, a static comparison, was first calculated. Subsequently, the dynamic comparison of the change in the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index cross-country variation was calculated. The analysis revealed that India in ''basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations''; the Philippines in ''computer, electronics, and optical products''; and Brazil in '' manufacturing of air and spacecraft and related machinery'' had the highest competitiveness. It is concluded that Türkiye's overall competitive advantage is weak compared to other NICs. These conclusions are of significant importance for understanding the global competitiveness of high-technology industries in NICs and for guiding future policy decisions.

This study investigates the determinants of business failure rates for low-technology and high-technology manufacturing industries across the forty-eight contiguous US states over the period 1984 to 1993. The main focus is on examining the role that some key state fiscal measures and federal transfer grants to states play in explaining business failure rates. It is found that regional variations in sales taxes, highway expenditures, bank loans, university R&D, patents, and outstanding debt play a statistically significant role in explaining variations in regional business failure rates. Interestingly, it is found that corporate development assistance programmes and small business loans tend to improve small business survival rates for hightechnology industries but they do not for low-technology industries. Findings also suggest that policymakers can effectively use local/regional policy instruments to bring the current business failure rates to the desired level more easily within hightechnology industry groups than within low-technology industry groups.

In recent years, the electronics manufacturing industry has undergone rapid changes, and part of the electronics manufacturing industry is shifting from China to Vietnam. With the development of artificial intelligence, its influence in various manufacturing industries around the world is gradually increasing, especially in the electronics manufacturing industry. This study explores the application of AI in the electronics manufacturing industry in China and Vietnam and how it affects the transformation of the electronics manufacturing industry in China and Vietnam and leads to a shift in the industry chain. The study uses data analysis including sources such as the WTO and Trade Map, and analytical method of RCA index calculation. This article focuses on the research question of the impact of the application of artificial intelligence in the electronics manufacturing industry on the production and export of technology-intensive and labor-intensive electronic products in China and Vietnam and how the impact has facilitated the shifting of electronics manufacturing from China to Vietnam. The results show that AI technologies such as predictive maintenance and quality control for high-tech electronics have given China an advantage in technology-intensive manufacturing, while Vietnam has enhanced its comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing by optimizing its assembly and inventory management through AI technologies.

Blockchain-empowered sustainable manufacturing and product lifecycle management in industry 4.0: A survey

In this paper, we employ the input–output framework and recent global value chain (GVC) results to construct the index of foreign financial services adoption in manufacturing (FFSAM) that captures the role of foreign financial services in facilitating domestic manufacturing production. The FFSAM index shows that foreign financial services adoption by Asian economies has rapidly caught up with the Western world between 2007 and 2017. Asian economies tend to deploy more foreign financial services from high-income economies than low-income economies, and in high-technology manufacturing industries than low-technology manufacturing industries. Manufacturing industries that produce for domestic consumption and for exports tend to attract different groups of financial servicification providers. It is found that the FFSAM index is affected by the GVC position, financial institution factors, and financial market characteristics.

Purpose and/or objectives: The primary objective of this study is to empirically test Kotler's (2003) high-performance model which ensures an increase in sales growth. More specifically, the study explores the influence of process variables (as measured by marketing strategies), resources management (as measured by the management of labour, materials, machines, information technology and energy) and organisational variables (as measured by TQM and organisational culture) on sales growth in the food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing industries. Problem investigated Various research studies suggest that the managers of firms are continuously challenged in their attempts to increase their sales (Morre, 2007; Pauwels, Silva Risso, Srinivasan & Hanssens, 2004: 142-143; Gray & Hayes, 2007: 1). Kotler (2003) suggests a model that leads to a high performing business. The question is posed as to whether this model can be used to increase sales growth in all businesses. This study seeks to develop a generic model to increase sales growth across industries by using an adapted version of Kotler's (2003) high-performance model. The study investigates the application of this adapted model on the food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing industries. Design and/or methodology and/or approach: An empirical causal research design that includes 770 marketing and product development practitioners from multinational food, motorcar and high-technology manufacturing firms, was used in this study. A response rate of 76.1% was achieved as only 571 useable questionnaires were returned. The internal reliability and discriminant validity of the measuring instrument were assessed by the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficients and the conducting an exploratory factor analysis respectively. Structural Equation Modelling SEM) was used to statistically test the relationships between the independent variables (marketing strategies, resource management, TQM and organisational culture) and the dependent variable (sales growth). Findings and/or implications: As the achievement of increased sales, profits and market share is important to all industries, companies spend large amounts of money on research and development to increase sales and market share. The study's empirical results lead to a proposed model that shows the factors influencing sales growth. These factors include distribution channel development, third-party agreements, e-business, e-savings and a market-oriented organisational culture.

Extensive studies have discussed the relationship between digital technology and total factor productivity (T.F.P.) in manufacturing industries, but far less attention is paid to the nonlinear relationship. Based on the panel data of China’s manufacturing industries and matching data of National Intellectual Property Public Service Network from 2000 to 2019, this article aims to explore how digital technology affects T.F.P. in manufacturing industries. The result demonstrates that a significant inverted U-shaped relationship is between digital technology and T.F.P. The threshold in high technology manufacturing industries is larger than that in low and middle technology manufacturing industries. With the progress of digital technology, the expenditure of technology and equipment upgrading is increasing. However, the marginal return of technology and equipment is decreasing, besides technology innovation. The case of China perhaps provides new insights into manufacturing industries in developing country to gain sustainable development.

This paper will present evidence to show that there is an absence of informed, broad, media discussion on e-commerce initiatives in Australia. As pointed out by several authors (Gittins, 1995), the newspaper medium is one of the main vehicles through which advisers and policymakers seek to influence society. Thus, this medium takes on the role of a public forum on national issues. However, it was found that newspapers in Australia have failed provide this role of preparing the manufacturing industries for the impact of new technologies. In this interpretive study, major Australian newspapers were examined for public discussions about e-commerce in manufacturing industries. The PEST (political, economic, social, and technological) framework was used as a lens to subdivide issues, problems, and opportunities identified in the academic e-commerce literature. This lens was then used to examine 103 newspaper articles identified, using the keywords Australian manufacturing and e-commerce in what was believed to be all the major Australian newspapers. It was found that some articles merely reported vendors’ promises of potential cost savings while overlooking the need for investment in technology, training, and maintenance costs; other discussions focused on “users as victims” issues, such as security and privacy. In-depth issues, such as reliability, communication protocols, bandwidth availability, and integration problems were overlooked. In particular, the problem of business strategies was ignored.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the multifaced aspects and consequences of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) from an Australia-China Relationship perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper leverages the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to examine both the internal and external factors that affect Australia and China in the context of the CBAM. In addition, we employ the PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) framework to identify effective strategies for Australia-China cooperation following the implementation of the CBAM.FindingsOur analysis reveals numerous mutual interests and opportunities for bilateral collaboration, despite challenges and threats, positioning the CBAM as a potentially significant catalyst for joint initiatives.Practical implicationsThis paper proposes 10 potential areas for Australia and China cooperation from the political economic social and technological PEST dimensions.Originality/valueThis paper makes a pioneering attempt to explore potential strategies, both individually, and together, that Australia and China can adopt to manage the impact and consequence of CBAM.

A network-based evolutionary analysis of the diffusion of cleaner energy substitution in enterprises: The roles of PEST factors

COVID-19 had put a halt to many manufacturing industries across the world, including India, and that led to one of the worst job crises. Manufacturing industry is one of the most important sectors in India that drives the economy. India’s manufacturing workforce in majority belongs to the unorganized sector which has progressed the economy in pre-COVID-19 times. The employees in the unorganized sectors have suffered immensely during the COVID-19 crisis. The Human Resources Management (HRM) experienced unprecedented challenges in understanding the crisis, employee challenges, and coming up with timely solutions to address these issues. The focus of the paper is to review the opportunities and challenges in the HRM policies and practices in the manufacturing industries during COVID-19 and provide recommendations to apply these findings and to develop a future HRM strategy in unorganized manufacturing sectors in India. To our knowledge this is the first review that addresses the potential role and challenges of HRM in the unorganized manufacturing sector in India during COVID-19 pandemic.

Measuring business performance in the high-tech manufacturing industry: A case study of Taiwan's large-sized TFT-LCD panel companies