A Geometry of Space in Ion Băieșu’s Theater

Since the reform and open policy for 30 years. China, on the one hand, greatly develops the productive forces, and enriched people’s material life. On the other hand, society also appeared many alienation phenomenon. According to Marx’s theory, the Communist society will eliminate private ownership, in which people are free and comprehensive development. It’s the sublimation of alienation. But our country is still at the primary stage of socialism, so called the underdeveloped stage. This requires us to develop the capital greatly. And in the economic system, which the public ownership as the main body, a variety of ownership coexist, we can still find the private ownership economy and the division of labor. This determines the necessity of dissemination phenomenon exists in China. So we need to return to the classics, exploring the fundamental cause and find the right measure to solve the problem. Marx provides us with the weapons of theory in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Based on China’s social reality, this paper starting from the analysis of Marx’s theory of alienation, combing the dissimulation phenomenon in contemporary society, to study the value of the theory of alienation in today’s society.

One-Dimensional Man (hereafter ODM) articulates the crisis of Marxism in an era which seemed to refute the Marxian theory of history and socialist revolution. Marcuse challenges some of the basic postulates of Marx’s theory, while using Marxian categories and method of analysis and critique. The result is a reconstruction of Marxian theory which questions such central features of Marxism as the theory of capitalist crisis and the revolutionary role of the working class in making possible socialist revolution. Marcuse subtitles his book ‘Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society’, but roots his critique of culture and ideology in an analysis of the socio-economic foundation of ‘advanced industrial society’. Consequently, the book produces a theory of society that uses the Marxian method of analysis to produce a radical critique of contemporary capitalist and Communist societies, culture and ideology.

This paper examines convergence theory in relation to welfare-the institutional pattern of a society concerned with meeting needs. In contemporary industrial societies needs are met through a variety of patterns, viz. social services, tax rebates, fringe benefits provided by enterprises, mutual-aid, and voluntary and charitable assistance. The question is whether in the course of transition from early to advanced industrialization, Western and communist societies have become more alike in respect of such institutional patterns.1 The proposition has been examined in relation to evidence drawn from one communist and one Western country and the underlying theory criticised in the light of evi-dence.

This study investigates the relationships between the geometry of space, theory of perception and theory of narrative in the context of Preston Scott Cohen’s Lightfall – the atrium space of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in Israel. The starting premise of the study is that it is possible to see the atrium space of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art as an inversion of the atrium space of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Guggenheim Museum in New York. Hence, the main hypothesis is that Cohen’s Lightfall transgresses the language of modernist architecture, moving from the constitution of exhibition space for pure gaze to the constitution of exhibition space for disparate vision. This means breaking with the homogeneous, universal space and time concepts of totalitarianism with the aim of building space-time concepts based on a disjunctive synthesis of narratives, ideologies and discourses of different societies, cultures and arts, or building space-time concepts in a continuous process of becoming. How does the architecture of Cohen’s Lightfall reject the totalitarian modernist interior of the museum as an institution designed solely for the observation of the work of art? How is the theory and practice of contemporary art and culture reflected in the aesthetics of Lightfall and, vice versa, how do the aesthetics of Lightfall influence the practice of contemporary art, culture and society? In other words, in what way does Cohen’s atrium space set the work of art not as autonomous, isolated, neutral and without context but as a unit of discourse? How does Cohen make the transition from the constitution of artistic space for pure gaze to the constitution of artistic space for disparate vision? This study draws on the theoretical investigations of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Jacques Derrida, Gilbert Simondon and Pierre Bourdieu.

The original lifestyles in traditional Bhutanese houses are at risk of disappearance due to ongoing rapid modernization. This study aims to understand the spatial organization inside traditional Bhutanese houses through an empirical survey in Paro, Western Bhutan, on the uses of rooms and their names in local Dzongkha language. The research objects were seven traditional houses located in two communities, Chuba and Atsuo, located about seven kilometers north of the urban area of Paro, which is the second-largest city in the western part of the Kingdom of Bhutan. An on-site survey was carried out in the two villages to record the local Dzongkha name and the use of each room. In addition, the basic patterns of spatial organization and the use of each room/space were clarified and classified, and the following information on the characteristics of traditional houses in Atsuo and Chuba was ascertained. 1) The spatial arrangement of the traditional houses is different on each floor. The first floor is a non-residential space, which used to function as a barn for livestock and is now used for purposes such as storage. The living space is above this floor, and the top floor is a drying and storage space for the harvest. 2) The basic spatial organization of the main floor is, in order from the entrance, an intermediate space (Bako in Dzongkha), a living room (Youkha), and the Buddhist family chapel (Choshom) with an inner altar room (Tshamko). The main floor of three-story buildings is on the second level and that of four-story buildings is on the third level. 3) Common among the houses is the fact that the living room (Youkha) sees the most diversity in use and is regarded as the central space of life activities, while the Buddhist family chapel (Choshom) is the spiritual center of the house. The window side in the living room (Youkha) is the primary place for the view, sun and wind, and traditionally had precedence. The layout of the Buddhist family chapel, in which two rooms are joined together with the outer sanctum placed at the room entrance side and the inner sanctum placed at the far end, indicates its significance and high sanctity. 4) The ways of recognizing spaces find their expressions in local Dzongkha names, which differ from room names in English, thus reflecting the difference between cultures. Some names in Dzongkha (e.g., Bako, Youchu and Jabyong) express the placement of the space in the overall spatial organization rather than the room functions, as is the case in English. Also, Dzongkha room names for storage areas differ according to what is stored (e.g., Phung for food storage, Mithu for rice storage and Satao for fodder storage). These spaces/rooms do not have exact English translations, and it would be irrelevant to apply existing English room names to them. This should be noted for understanding the spatial organization, actual use and original characteristics of each room/space in traditional Bhutanese houses, which fostered Bhutanese people for a long time and engrave wisdoms on how to and what is to live in harmony with the environment.

Experimental computer-assisted alloplastic sandwich augmentation of the atrophic mandible

The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effect of different special arrangements in forage yield, nutritive value and structure of the understory of signalgrass ( Brachiaria decumbens ) in silvipastoral system with different regrowth times. The design was in complete randomized block with tree replicates in a factorial scheme with split-plots 2 × 2 × 5 consisting two spatial arrangements [Double lines 9 × (2 × 2m) and simple lines (9 × 2m)] in two sampling places (in the middle of the intercropping and under the three canopy) in the plot and five regrowth times (35, 42, 49, 56 e 63 days) in the split-plot. It was used a silvipastoral system established since June, 2008 in degraded pasture with signalgrass predominance. The pasture was homogenized by grazing at 15 cm from the soil level. Were evaluated the dry matter yield leaf:stem ratio, light interception and leaf area index. In addition were evaluated the nutritive value characteristics dry matter content, neutral and acid detergent fiber, crude protein and lignin. The photosynthetic active radiation was monitored. The use of simple or double lines did not influence the leaf area index, light interception and dry mass yield. The leaf:stem ratio was influenced by the sampling place only in the double line arrangement. The neutral detergent fiber was substantially high in the double line arrangement. Therefore, the use of double lines reduces the photosynthetic active radiation amount incident in the understory, but does not reduce the forage yield in relation to simple line arrangements. These results indicate the use of double lines arrangement may allow the harvest of more threes without reduce the pasture production.

The two-rotational-degrees-of-freedom(2R) parallel mechanism(PM) with two continuous rotational axes(CRAs) has a simple kinematic model. It is therefore easy to implement trajectory planning, parameter calibration, and motion control, which allows for a variety of application prospects. However, no systematic analysis on structural constraints of the 2R-PM with two CRAs has been performed, and there are only a few types of 2R-PM with two CRAs. Thus, a theory regarding the type synthesis of the 2R-PM with two CRAs is systematically established. First, combining the theories of reciprocal screw and space geometry, the spatial arrangement relationships of the constraint forces applied to the moving platform by the branches are explored, which give the 2R-PM two CRAs. The different distributions of the constraint forces in each branch are also studied. On the basis of the obtained structural constraints of branches, and considering the geometric relationships of constraint forces in each branch, the appropriate kinematic chains are constructed. Through the reasonable configuration of branch kinematic chains corresponding to every structural constraint, a series of new 2R-PMs with two CRAs are finally obtained.

Type synthesis of the 2R1T parallel mechanism with two continuous rotational axes and study on the principle of its motion decoupling

Orthogonal neural geometry of orientation, spatial frequency, and ocular dominance in macaque V1.

Numbers are represented in egocentric space: Effects of numerical cues and spatial reference frames on hand laterality judgements

Belligerent (from beligero – wage war) landscapes have become an integral component of the modern-day landscape of Ukraine. Although they are widespread all across the country, they became a focus of researchers only in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The broad distribution and significant diversity of the belligerent landscape complexes in Ukraine allowed designating a number of belligerent territories and respective areas. The objective of the study was analyzing the formation, spatial arrangement, structure, and significance of belligerent lines in the structure of belligerent landscapes. To reach our goals, we employed both classic and specific approaches, principles, and methods. The specific methods included a simultaneous analysis of substantially different archeological, historical, relevant, and engineer data, etc. We used the research principles of historicism, complexity, natural-anthropogenic compatibility, and the methods such as analysis and synthesis, historical and landscape-scientific methods, aerographic, and as transparent mapping method we used the GIS technologies. We highlight that physical geographers and landscape scientists do not devote enough attention to belligerent landscape boundaries in Ukraine. The paper considers the formation and structure of the following belligerent landscape boundaries: the Trajan’s Walls, created by the Cherniakhiv tribes in the first and second centuries; the Serpent’s Walls, built in the times of the Kyivan Rus (ninth to eleventh centuries); and the belligerent landscape boundaries of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The landscape structure of defensive lines of the sides waging war in Ukraine continues to become more and more complex. Over the process of functioning, the belligerent landscape boundaries have been actively interacting with the neighboring territories, therefore creating complex belligerent interconnected dynamic landscape systems. The outer boundaries of those systems are hard to designate, since they are formed by both natural and socioeconomic conditions. This is especially relevant for belligerent landscape boundaries that have emerged in Ukraine from the first half of the twentieth to early twenty-first century. We outlined their features and significances in the structure of modern and future landscape of Ukraine and demonstrated the necessity of further in-detail research of belligerent landscape boundaries in Ukraine for the purposes of their rational use and protection after the active phase of operation.

BackgroundIn DNA microarray experiments, discovering groups of genes that share similar transcriptional characteristics is instrumental in functional annotation, tissue classification and motif identification. However, in many situations a subset of genes only exhibits consistent pattern over a subset of conditions. Conventional clustering algorithms that deal with the entire row or column in an expression matrix would therefore fail to detect these useful patterns in the data. Recently, biclustering has been proposed to detect a subset of genes exhibiting consistent pattern over a subset of conditions. However, most existing biclustering algorithms are based on searching for sub-matrices within a data matrix by optimizing certain heuristically defined merit functions. Moreover, most of these algorithms can only detect a restricted set of bicluster patterns.ResultsIn this paper, we present a novel geometric perspective for the biclustering problem. The biclustering process is interpreted as the detection of linear geometries in a high dimensional data space. Such a new perspective views biclusters with different patterns as hyperplanes in a high dimensional space, and allows us to handle different types of linear patterns simultaneously by matching a specific set of linear geometries. This geometric viewpoint also inspires us to propose a generic bicluster pattern, i.e. the linear coherent model that unifies the seemingly incompatible additive and multiplicative bicluster models. As a particular realization of our framework, we have implemented a Hough transform-based hyperplane detection algorithm. The experimental results on human lymphoma gene expression dataset show that our algorithm can find biologically significant subsets of genes.ConclusionWe have proposed a novel geometric interpretation of the biclustering problem. We have shown that many common types of bicluster are just different spatial arrangements of hyperplanes in a high dimensional data space. An implementation of the geometric framework using the Fast Hough transform for hyperplane detection can be used to discover biologically significant subsets of genes under subsets of conditions for microarray data analysis.

The geometry of the pore space determines the flow and transport properties of a soil under water saturated and unsaturated conditions. The spatial arrangement of the pores can be mapped using the appropriate tomographic technique. To understand the effect of the pore space on flow and transport, the complex pore structures must be quantified. To reveal the importance of various geometrical properties, porous media with well defined geometrical properties were numerically generated and were compared with a sand medium containing sphere‐like particles with sizes ranging from 80 to 1.250 µm. The spatial distribution of water and air was calculated for the optimized media and the sand packing to quantify the relevance of the geometric properties. In a first test, the sand packing was compared with a generated medium with identical Minkowski functionals. The resulting pores of the generated media were too large and the water retention was underestimated. In a second test, a medium with an optimized chord length distribution was generated and a good agreement with respect to water distribution was found. The chord length distribution is a more relevant property, because it takes into account the correlation of the system over large spatial distances. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Fundamentals of geographic information systems