A general framework to derive linear, decoupled and energy-stable schemes for reversible-irreversible thermodynamically consistent models

Abstract

This paper presents a general numerical platform for designing accurate, efficient, and stable numerical algorithms for incompressible hydrodynamic models that obey thermodynamical laws. The obtained numerical schemes are automatically linear in time. It decouples the hydrodynamic variable and other state variables such that only small-size linear problems need to be solved at each time marching step. Furthermore, if the classical velocity projection method is utilized, the velocity field and pressure field can be decoupled. In the end, only a few elliptic-type equations shall be solved in each time step. This strategy is made possible through a sequence of model reformulations by exploring the models' thermodynamic structures. The generalized Onsager principle directly guides these reformulation procedures. In the reformulated but equivalent models, the reversible and irreversible components can be identified, guiding the numerical platform to decouple the reversible and irreversible dynamics. This eventually leads to decoupled numerical algorithms, given that the coupling terms only involve irreversible dynamics. To further demonstrate the numerical platform's power, we apply it to several specific incompressible hydrodynamic models. The energy stability of the proposed numerical schemes is shown in detail. The second-order accuracy in time is verified numerically through time step refinement tests. Several benchmark numerical examples are presented to further illustrate the proposed numerical framework's accuracy, stability, and efficiency.