A game-theoretic analysis of traditional song selection rules in rhythm game tournaments

The culture in Indonesia is very diverse, one of which is traditional songs. However, knowledge of traditional songs is still small. Digital Games can spread knowledge about traditional songs, one of which is Central Javanese traditional songs. However, the Game that is made still has static difficulties, so the Game cannot follow the player's ability, resulting in the player feeling bored and not wanting to continue the Game. To generate dynamic difficulties, methods in artificial intelligence can be applied to Games, one of which is Fuzzy. So in this study proposed the application of dynamic difficulties using Fuzzy Logic in music Games / Rhythm Games. Fuzzy Logic is built based on mathematical values and represents uncertainty, where this logic imitates the human way of thinking. Fuzzy Logic can convert crisp input values into fuzzy sets by performing fuzzification. After the input value is converted, the input will be entered into the set of rules provided. Each rule produces a different output. After the process is complete, the output value will be converted back to the crisp output value. Based on the research conducted, it is found that Fuzzy Logic can be applied to music Games where the Game can follow the player's ability based on the given rules.

Nonlinear optical metasurfaces provide nanoscale‐level control of harmonic waves, making them highly promising platforms for both fundamental research and applications in nonlinear optics. However, the traditional selection rules theory, which has long served as a guiding principle for nonlinear meta‐optics, is local and neglects the significance of meta‐atomic lattice symmetry. In addition, achieving high‐efficiency harmonic generation along with nonlinear optical Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase control remains challenging. To this end, a novel global selection rule jointly determined by the symmetries of both meta‐atom and lattice is proposed. Nonlinear metasurfaces designed based on this theory enable frequency conversions forbidden by previous local selection rules. A more comprehensive relationship between the nonlinear PB phase and the meta‐atomic rotation angle is revealed. Moreover, an efficient nonlinear PB metasurface platform for second harmonic generations is first demonstrated using LiNbO3 thin films with aligned crystal orientations in a hybrid design. The normalized conversion efficiency reaches approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of existing nonlinear PB metasurfaces working in the near‐infrared band. These findings not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms of nonlinear light‐matter interactions, but also open up exciting possibilities in terahertz, entangled photon pairs, and high harmonic generations.

This paper deals with two decision rules for the project selection and scheduling problem of professional service firms, such as IT, accounting, law and consulting firms. In brief, the decision problem can be characterised as how much of the available personnel capacity should be assigned to orders under negotiation and how much should be reserved for projects to come. In practice, the decision-making process is often based on a target ROI and a rough-cut capacity requirements planning. In the following study a Revenue Management (RM) technique is applied to the project selection and scheduling problem. A numerical experiment indicates that the new approach outperforms the traditional decision rule in a market environment with moderately stable prices.

This study explores guidelines for selecting change-sensitive items. Applying traditional and change-based selection rules to alcohol attitude items produced scales with differing psychometric properties.

Evaluation of traditional work scheduling rules in a flexible manufacturing system with a physical simulator

The use of acupuncture to treat stable angina pectoris is increasing popularity. Based on the prevalence of this treatment over the past 20 years, the rule of acupoint selection and prescription were summarized in this study. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Academic Journal Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, PubMed and Web of Science were used for literature search clinical studies on acupuncture in the treatment of stable angina pectoris conducted over the past 20 years were identified, 225 studies were included. Prescriptions were entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine heritage calculation platform and association rule analysis and complex entropy clustering analysis were performed. Of the sixty-seven acupoints were regularly used and PC6, BL15 and RN17 were the most common. Commonly used meridians were the foot sun bladder meridian, Renmai and hand Shaoyin pericardium meridian; Get the basic prescription of PC6, RN17 and BL15and have two new prescriptions: BL15, ST36 and GB39; DU10, DU11 and RN17. All acupoints act on the heart through neural regulation mechanism. There are many clinical practice guidelines worldwide for writing acupuncture into the recommended therapy. Acupuncture has a clear therapeutic effect on stable angina pectoris. In the treatment of stable angina pectoris, all acupoints directly or indirectly act on the heart, dredge meridians and relieve angina symptoms.

Summation rules for a fully nonlocal energy-based quasicontinuum method

Traditional fuzzy rule interpolation (FRI) methods typically utilise Euclidean distances between an observation and the rules in a given sparse rule base to select a set of rules closest to the observation to perform interpolation. However, simply applying the Euclidean distance metric may frequently lead to inferior results, because it cannot take into consideration the relevance degree of different features. To address this important issue, this paper presents an initial framework for a novel FRI approach which works based on exploiting a transformed rule base. Mahalanobis matrix learned by metric learning methods is used herein to transform the given sparse rule base to a new coordinates system where the distance between instances of the same category is closer, and instances of different categories is distant from each other. When a new observation is present which matches no rules, the selection of the nearest rules to implement the required interpolation is carried out in the transformed coordinates system. Then, the scale and move factors within the classical transformation-based FRI procedure are modified by Choquet integral. Experimental results obtained by employing different metric learning methods and Choquet integral over seven classification problems demonstrate that the proposed approach remarkably outperforms existing FRI methods.

Formulation of the problem. Nanotubes are promising objects for the development of nanoelectronic elements. The range of electronic properties of nanotubes can be significantly expanded by synthesizing structures on their surface. Such structures have a radial cylindrical lattice; a number of nanowires have a similar lattice. Radial crystals are a new group of cylindrical structures, the study of which is at an early stage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop both ideas about the structure of radial crystals and a method for their structural analysis. The aim. Consider the simplest radial structures and the features of diffraction by them. Results. A description of the close-packed structure of nanowires and atomic layers with bcc, fcc, and hcp radial lattices sorbed on the nanotube surfaces is proposed, taking into account the effect of radial relaxation. A linear approximation is proposed that makes it possible to quantitatively describe radial relaxation at the initial stage of block growth. The quantitative kinematic theory of Fraunhofer diffraction on achiral radial structures is considered as the basis for their structural analysis, and formulas relating the parameters of the direct and reciprocal lattices are obtained. The results of model calculations of scattering intensity distributions by layer planes of the reciprocal lattice of radial crystals and along the layer lines of their diffraction patterns are presented. Schemes of diffraction patterns of radial crystals with bcc, fcc, and hcp radial lattices are presented. The applicability of traditional selection rules and the significant dependence of the positions of pseudo-orthogonal reflections on the crystal size are shown. Practical significance. The proposed description of radial structures with bcc, fcc, and hcp radial lattices and the diffraction method of structural analysis of their achiral varieties will provide structural control of the products of their synthesis, which is necessary when carrying out a wide range of studies both at the stage of development work on the synthesis of nanoelectronic elements, and for technological control during their industrial production.

The dynamical theory of X-ray-phonon interactions for one-phonon processes is applied to find the thermal diffuse scattering for incident radiation within the angular region of a Bragg peak. In this region contributions must be included from phonons that do not obey the traditional selection rule of connecting points on the two-beam dispersion surface. The general result is evaluated explicitly for the Ge 220 symmetric reflection. The thermal diffuse scattering distribution in output angle is strongly suppressed in the central region, and shows peaks close to the edges of this region as well as at the direction of specular reflection. The suppression of the interaction, and the appearance of the pseudospecular peak, can be traced to the large primary extinction for both the incident and outgoing beams in this region, in addition to the boundary condition that the phonon-excited signal be entirely internally generated. Both effects also combine to eliminate the traditionally expected divergence of thermal diffuse scattering at the Bragg peak.

Applications of Wavelet Multi-Threshold in Vibration Signal De-Noising

Introducing C–F bonds into organic molecules is a challenging task, particularly through C–H activation methods. Now, a uranium-based photocatalyst turns traditional selectivity rules on their heads and fluorinates unfunctionalized alkane Csp3–H bonds, even in the presence of C–H bonds that are typically more reactive.

Advances in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) have demonstrated ultrahigh spatial resolution so that the vibrational modes of individual molecules can be visualized. The spatial resolution of TERS is determined by the confinement of the plasmon-induced field in the junction; however, the conditions necessary for achieving the high spatial confinement required for imaging individual molecules are not fully understood. Here, we present a systematic theoretical study of TERS imaging of single molecules, using a hybrid atomistic electrodynamics-quantum mechanical method. This approach provides a consistent treatment of the molecule and the plasmonic near field under conditions where they cannot be treated separately. In our simulations, we demonstrate that TERS is capable of resolving intricate molecule vibrations with atomic resolution, although we find that TERS images are extremely sensitive to the near field in the junction. Achieving the atomic resolution requires the near field to be confined within a few ångstroms in diameter and the near-field focal plane to be in the molecule plane. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the traditional surface selection rule of Raman spectroscopy is altered due to the significant field confinement that leads to significant field-gradient effects in the Raman scattering. This work provides insights into single-molecule imaging based on TERS and Raman scattering of molecules in nanojunctions with atomic dimensions.

We consider an arbitrary quantum mechanical system, initially in its ground-state, exposed to a time-dependent electromagnetic pulse with a carrier frequency ω0 and a slowly varying envelope of finite duration. By working out a solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the high-ω0 limit, we find that, to the leading order in ω0 -1, a perfect self-cancellation of the system's linear response occurs as the pulse switches off. Surprisingly, the system's observables are, nonetheless, describable in terms of a combination of its linear density response function and nonlinear functions of the electric field. An analysis of a jellium slab and jellium sphere models reveals a very high surface sensitivity of the considered setup, producing a richer excitation spectrum than accessible within the conventional linear response regime. On this basis, we propose a new spectroscopic technique, which we provisionally name the Nonlinear High-Frequency Pulsed Spectroscopy (NLHFPS). Combining the advantages of the extraordinary surface sensitivity, the absence of constraints by the traditional dipole selection rules, and the clarity of theoretical interpretation utilizing the linear response time-dependent density functional theory, NLHFPS has a potential to evolve into a powerful characterization method for nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Although two-round voting procedures are common, the theoretical voting literature rarely discusses any such rules beyond the traditional plurality runoff rule. Therefore, using four criteria in conjunction with two data-generating processes, we define and evaluate nine “runoff pair selection rules” that comprise two rounds of voting, two candidates in the second round, and a single final winner. The four criteria are: social utility from the expected runoff winner (UEW), social utility from the expected runoff loser (UEL), representativeness of the runoff pair (Rep), and resistance to strategy (RS). We examine three rules from each of three categories: plurality rules, utilitarian rules and Condorcet rules. We find that the utilitarian rules provide relatively high UEW and UEL, but low Rep and RS. Conversely, the plurality rules provide high Rep and RS, but low UEW and UEL. Finally, the Condorcet rules provide high UEW, high RS, and a combination of UEL and Rep that depends which Condorcet rule is used.