Abstract
The contribution of power generation from converter-dominated renewable energy sources (RES) has increased enormously. Consequently, the system inertia is decreasing, and it impacts the frequency of the system. With large-scale integration of power electronic inverter-based power generation from RES, inertia from energy storage devices would be unavoidable in future power grids. In this paper, the inertia emulator is formed with a supercapacitor (IE–SC) to improve inertia in a low inertia grid. To emulate the inertia in a low inertia grid, this paper proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based emulated inertia controller (FL-EIC) for an inverter attached to IE–SC. The proposed fuzzy logic controller estimates the inertial power required based on the frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). The output of the fuzzy controller adds to the conventional emulated inertia control (EIC) technique to alter the load angle for the power electronic inverter of IE–SC. Specifically, the proposed FL-EIC achieves inertia emulation by proportionally linking the time derivative of the grid frequency and frequency deviation to active power references of IE–SC. A comparison of the conventional EIC and FL-EIC is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed FL-EIC. Furthermore, real-time simulations with the help of the OPAL-RT real-time simulator (OP 5700) are presented to validate the advantage of the FL-EIC.
Highlights
Accepted: 8 February 2022To minimize emissions and generate power from renewable energy, several countries’initiatives on the environment are directed at reaching wide-scale incorporation of nonsynchronous generation into the grid [1]
The IE–SC presented in this paper effectively works as an inertia emulator, and whenever there is a change in frequency, the fuzzy logic controller-based emulated inertia controller (FL-emulated inertia control (EIC)) alters the load angle to supply/absorb the power to/from the grid
An fuzzy logic (FL)-EIC technique is proposed for IE–SC inertia emulators to improve
Summary
To minimize emissions and generate power from renewable energy, several countries’. initiatives on the environment are directed at reaching wide-scale incorporation of nonsynchronous generation into the grid [1]. In [20], the battery is used to supply/absorb the power in an inertial response with an inertia controller to support grid frequency. In [23], the combination of battery and SC is used to pump the power in inertial response with an enhanced emulated inertia controller. This paper presents a novel method for emulating inertia using fuzzy logic control technique to enhance inertia in the low inertia grid. The fuzzy logic-based emulated inertia control technique (FL-EIC) is developed to offer inertia using IE–SC under power imbalances. The fuzzy control in the proposed FL-EIC technique uses frequency deviation and ROCOF to estimate inertial power, and the EIC technique alters the load angle of the inverter of IE–SC.
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