Abstract
The indoor scene has the characteristics of complexity and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS). Therefore, in the application of cellular network positioning, the layout of the base station has a significant influence on the positioning accuracy. In three-dimensional indoor positioning, the layout of the base station only focuses on the network capacity and the quality of positioning signal. At present, the influence of the coverage and positioning accuracy has not been considered. Therefore, a network element layout optimization algorithm based on improved Adaptive Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm (ASA-GA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a three-dimensional positioning signal coverage model and a base station layout model are established. Then, the ASA-GA algorithm is proposed for optimizing the base station layout scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed ASA-GA algorithm has a faster convergence speed, which is 16.7% higher than the AG-AC (Adaptive Genetic Combining Ant Colony) algorithm. It takes about 25 generations to achieve full coverage. At the same time, the proposed algorithm has better coverage capability. After optimization of the layout of the network element, the effective coverage rate is increased from 89.77 to 100% and the average location error decreased from 2.874 to 0.983 m, which is about 16% lower than the AG-AC algorithm and 22% lower than the AGA (Adaptive Genetic Algorithm) algorithm.
Highlights
Statistics show that about 80% of people’s living and working environment is indoors
After adopting the Adaptive Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm (ASA-genetic algorithm (GA)) fusion optimization algorithm proposed in this paper, the positioning signal coverage rate reaches 100% coverage, and the number of first diameter is mainly distributed from 5 to 7
6 Conclusion Due to the complexity and the characteristics of nonline-of-sight of indoor scene, in the application of cellular network positioning, the influence of indoor three-dimensional positioning signal coverage and positioning accuracy has not been considered in the base station deployment
Summary
Statistics show that about 80% of people’s living and working environment is indoors. In order to improve the effective coverage of the indoor positioning signal and the indoor positioning accuracy, a reasonable base station layout is important, which can improve the positioning accuracy while reducing the deployment cost. Because indoor environment is complex, all sorts of electromagnetic wave can produce the change of signal characteristic because of reflex, refraction, and diffraction. We can use this kind of characteristic change to realize indoor communication, indoor position, etc. In the coming 5G era, the integration of communication and navigation networks of heterogeneous cellular networks is an important trend in indoor positioning [7, 8], which can provide communication and positioning services at the same time avoiding additional resource overhead
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