A framework for the safety evaluation of peptides in cosmetics.

The cosmetic industry, a major player in the global economy, encompasses a diverse range of products manufactured and distributed by large-scale and small-scale producers. The cosmetic cottage industry, characterized by small-scale production at affordable rates, is gaining prominence, particularly in countries like Japan, the US, and Germany. In Kenya, the cosmetic cottage industry is on the rise, with a ready multibillion market worth and poised to contribute significantly to entrepreneurship opportunities in the country. Though there are stringent regulations for mass-produced cosmetic products globally, the same cannot be said for the cottage industry. This study presents a summative overview of the regulations and standards of the Kenya cosmetic cottage industry. A literature review was conducted on the regulatory framework and standards of the cosmetic cottage industry. The standards and regulations set forth by the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) and the Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) were examined. It outlines standards for raw materials, manufacturing processes, and finished cosmetic products, covering aspects like good manufacturing practices, ingredient specifications, and adherence to global standards. The study found that ensuring the safety and quality of cosmetic cottage products is hampered by the complexity that comes with their categorization. Moreover, the regulatory framework for the cottage industry in Kenya is scanty and relies majorly on regulations set for commercial cosmetic products. The study highlights a gap in the adherence to quality standards and regulations within the cottage industry, compared to commercial counterparts. Further, the study reveals challenges in monitoring and enforcing these regulations. Collaboration between KEBS and PPB is thus paramount to ensure effective oversight and consumer education to safeguard against substandard products. Thus, enhanced surveillance, consumer awareness, and regulatory enforcement are essential for ensuring the safety of cosmetic products from the cottage industry in Kenya.

This study aims to analyze the potential bankruptcy of companies in the cosmetic industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2011-2013. One indicator of the company has a good performance can be seen from the financial aspects. Financial distress are close to bankruptcy stage marked by uncertainty about profitability in the future. Companies experiencing financial distress in the long term have a tendency to bankruptcy. Therefore, it is necessary bankruptcy prediction model that can provide early warning for the company. This study uses three bankruptcy prediction model, namely Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of the Cosmetics Industry analyzed with Springate Method namely PT Martino Berto Tbk, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk classified in a healthy condition of the company for 2011-2013. While PT Mustika Ratu Tbk classified in healthy condition in 2011-2012 and classified in poor condition in 2013. Zmijewski Model Analysis (X-Score) at the Cosmetic Industry showed that there are only 2 companies are classified in a healthy condition, namely PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk , and PT Mustika Ratu Tbk in 2011 and 2012, while the others are in a vulnerable condition and bad. Grover Model Analysis (G-Score) at the Cosmetic Industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2011-2013 showed that all companies included in the cosmetics industry are classified in a good health or not potentially banckrupt of the company. This study aims to analyze the potential bankruptcy of companies in the cosmetic industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2011-2013. One indicator of the company has a good performance can be seen from the financial aspects. Financial distress are close to bankruptcy stage marked by uncertainty about profitability in the future. Companies experiencing financial distress in the long term have a tendency to bankruptcy. Therefore, it is necessary bankruptcy prediction model that can provide early warning for the company. This study uses three bankruptcy prediction model, namely Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of the Cosmetics Industry analyzed with Springate Method namely PT Martino Berto Tbk, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk, PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk classified in a healthy condition of the company for 2011-2013. While PT Mustika Ratu Tbk classified in healthy condition in 2011-2012 and classified in poor condition in 2013. Zmijewski Model Analysis (X-Score) at the Cosmetic Industry showed that there are only 2 companies are classified in a healthy condition, namely PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk , and PT Mustika Ratu Tbk in 2011 and 2012, while the others are in a vulnerable condition and bad. Grover Model Analysis (G-Score) at the Cosmetic Industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2011-2013 showed that all companies included in the cosmetics industry are classified in a good health or not potentially banckrupt of the company.

A global tendency for products considered environmentally sustainable, and ecologically obtained led the industry related to personal care formulations to fund the research and the development of personal care/cosmetics containing ingredients from natural resources. Furthermore, consumers are aware of environmental and sustainability issueans, thus not harming the environment represents a key consideration when developing a new cosmetic ingredient. In this study we review some examples of active ingredients or raw materials used in cosmetics/personal care/biomedical products that are coming from either through biotechnological systems, or as byproducts of several industries. A skin formulation containing biosynthetic actives, prepared by us and the study regarding its dermocosmetic properties are also described. The need for the standardization processes, the safety assessment tools, the improvement of the exploitation methods of these renewable sources in order the production to be ecologically and economically better are also discussed.

Purpose –The goal of capturing their ideal selves affects every step that individuals will take throughout their lives. This aim has made cosmetic product usage a necessity for modern people. For this reason, cosmetic products have a crucial role in transforming consumers into the person they want to be. The research provides data that supports this role of individuals in the process of reaching the ideal self. Today, the cosmetic product industry has reached gigantic dimensions, and it shows that it will continue to progress day by day. It is vital to understand the behavior of the target audience of the sector, which displays such dynamic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the barriers experienced by individuals who have the intention to purchase cosmetic products online.Design/methodology/approach –This study aims to determine the barriers experienced by individuals who have the intention to purchase cosmetic products online. The main body of the research consists of individuals who want to buy cosmetic products online. Data were collected through an online questionnaire shared on social media using the convenience sampling method. A total of 466 questionnaires obtained in this way were evaluated. During the analysis process, path analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses.Findings –When the research results are examined, with the effect of perceived enjoyment and perceived price, the tradition barrier, one of the factors of resistance to innovation, emerges as the main factor affecting the intention to purchase cosmetic products.Discussion –The image barrier does not directly affect the purchase intention. However, a meaningful causality relationship occurs between the image barrier and the purchase intention when the mediating effect of the perceived price comes into play. At the same time, the mediating effect of perceived price also causes a causal relationship between the value barrier and purchase intention. The tradition barrier factor influences purchase intention directly and with the mediating effect of perceived enjoyment. The mediating effect of perceived enjoyment in product presentation causes an increase in consumers' purchase intention. The research results provide recommendations for academics and professionals in the cosmetic industry.

The beauty and care products industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years, both at national and international levels. This growth brought attention to legal issues related to safety, quality, and ethics in the production, distribution, and marketing of beauty and care products. So it is not surprising that there are many cases of the beauty industry and care products that violate the law and cause a stir in Indonesia. Even though consumers are getting smarter and demanding clear and accurate information about the beauty products they use, because the beauty industry business is very lucrative from a profit standpoint, there are still many individuals who have bad intentions and justify any means to gain as much profit as possible. magnitude. The journal aims to identify and analyze legal aspects related to this industry as well as provide views on legal developments necessary to protect consumers and ensure product safety. This journal aims to identify and analyze legal aspects related to this industry and provide views on developments. This journal uses normative juridical research methods by collecting and analyzing data from various legal sources, including laws, regulations, government policies, and court decisions related to the beauty industry and care products in Indonesia.

Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product derived from the brewing industry, where it accounts for 85% of the total waste generated. The total annual production worldwide of this waste is 39 million tons. This lignocellulosic material is traditionally used as cattle feed and sold at a low retail price (~USD 45.00 per ton). However, efforts for the revalorization of this by-product are emerging since research has established that it can be used as a low-cost source of bioactive molecules and commodity chemicals that can bring value to integral biorefinery ventures. Among commodities, phenolic compounds have attracted attention as added-value products due to their antioxidant properties with applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These phytochemicals have been associated with antiaging and anticancer activities that have potential applications on cosmetic products. This mini-review summarizes the most relevant extraction techniques used for the recovery of phenolic compounds from BSG while discussing their advantages and shortcomings and the potential applications from BSG bioactive extracts in the cosmetic industry and their reported beneficial effects. This mini-review also makes a brief comment on the role of phenolic compounds extraction in the economic feasibility of an integral BSG biorefinery.

The perfumery and cosmetic industry of Ukraine is distinguished by its dynamic development and makes a significant contribution to the country's economy. Several types of economic activities are involved in its functioning, including the development, research, production and sale of perfumery and cosmetic products, as well as the provision of cosmetic services to the population. The economic activity of each sector in the chain of creation, production and sale of cosmetic products / services determines both their individual success and the efficiency of the entire system as a whole. In this regard, the systematization and analysis of the indicators of economic activity of enterprises of each type of activity of the national cosmetic industry is an urgent task, the solution of which will reasonably determine the prospects for both the further development of this industry and the export potential of the Ukrainian economy as a whole.
 The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the main indicators of Ukrainian enterprises of perfumery, cosmetic and related industries economic activity for the period 2010–2019 and determination of their development trends. The available data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Patent Office of Ukraine, as well as a database of scientific and professional publications publications were used as materials and methods. Retrospective, logical, research methods, as well as the method of content analysis were used.
 The results of a comparative analysis of the main indicators of the economic activity of business entities in the studied industry made it possible to establish trends in the development of this sector of the economy and substantiate the patterns observed at the present stage.
 Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the production potential of the perfumery and cosmetic industry in Ukraine is promising, as well as significant opportunities for further development of the trade in these products and the provision of cosmetic services to the population.

Cosmetics are not a modern invention. Civilization uses substances to change and enhance its appearance, or to emphasize certain features for at least 10,000 years, and possibly for much longer. It is believed that the first to begin using natural ingredients for body decoration were the ancient Egyptians. However, references to facials and body care as well as ways of enhancing appearance are found in the history of Ancient Rome, Normans and Vikings, and even, albeit slightly later, Kievan Rus. Because, naturally, a person has a desire to improve himself, to find new ways of expression in society. And today cosmetics play an important role in shaping modern humans and, as a result, societies around the world. There is a wide range of different cosmetics on the market, all with different combinations of ingredients, different formulations and a completely different manufacturing and packaging process. That is why describing and evaluating all cosmetics is unrealistic and unnecessary. The author suggests in this study to briefly review the history of the origin of the first cosmetics, ways of their use and transformation into a purposeful beauty industry. In addition, the study provides some statistics with information that will help reach the scale of the cosmetic industry in the modern world and identify the leading countries in terms of cosmetics companies, manufacturing and brands in their territory. The situation in the cosmetic industry in Ukraine has its positive and negative sides. A young, independent country has every chance of developing its cosmetic markets, but an immature political system and imperfect legislation are in every way hindering it. However, recent statistics show a steady, albeit slightly slower turnover in the domestic cosmetic market. The innovative component of the domestic cosmetic industry is still practically absent. Although it is hoped that young scientists — mainly students and talented youth — will be able to take the beauty industry to a new level in our country. This is evidenced by the latest data on new startup projects in the cosmetic and medical industries.

The beauty industry contributes not only to the pollution of the environment, because of the improper disposal of packaging, but to the users’ health as well, due to the harmful ingredients, which are used to mass-produce beauty and personal care products. Although sustainability has become an imperative worldwide, this industry still fails to adhere to such norms if we pay attention to the large volumes of plastic and the exaggerated impulse to buy without actually needing, which is a behavior driven by actual consumerism. This paper aims to disclose the current state of research in the academic field of circular economy in the beauty industry, by investigating the contributing authors, organizations and countries and the networks created until now, as a stepping stone for future research. By performing a bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software, it was found out that the current literature is not very rich in publications on the integration of circular economy in the beauty sector, mainly because the topic started to be of interest in the recent years with the most productive publication year being 2022. Our research shows that authors from countries like India, China, Indonesia, Italy and the United States have contributed to the literature by touching topics revolving around sustainability in cosmetics and beauty products and innovations regarding a clean development of such products. However, the theme of circular economy in the creation of a clean and safe beauty industry still needs attention from academics in order to fully attain sustainable development goals.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to add to the body of knowledge about attitude and intention to choose a Halal product. Despite the importance of the Halal cosmetic market for both producers and consumers, the existing literature focusses on Halal food products, and only a limited number of studies exist about Halal cosmetic products. This study assesses the effects of knowledge and religiosity on attitudes towards Halal cosmetics products, as well as the effect of those attitudes on the intention to buy the Halal cosmetic products. This study also investigates the existence of differences between consumers’ attitudes towards Halal cosmetics and Halal food products.Design/methodology/approach– This study used a self-administrated questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The questionnaire was distributed using non-probability convenience sampling. At the end of data collection period, a total of 110 usable questionnaires from Muslim respondents over the age of 18 years old were used for further analysis. To assess the relationship between knowledge, religiosity, attitude and intention, a structural equation modeling technique was used. And to investigate the difference between attitude and intention for Halal cosmetic and Halal food products, the pair samplet-test were applied.Findings– The findings of the study show that the relationship between knowledge and attitude is insignificant, but there is a significant positive relationship between religiosity and attitude. From the lens of theory of reasoned action (TRA), this study indicates that there is a positive relationship between attitude and intention to choose Halal cosmetic products. This study also found a significant difference between consumers’ attitudes towards Halal cosmetics and attitudes towards Halal food products, as well as consumers’ intentions to choose Halal cosmetics and intentions to choose Halal food products among Malaysian consumers. Moreover, the results indicate that Malaysian consumers have more positive attitudes and intentions towards Halal food products than towards Halal cosmetic products.Research limitations/implications– Because the sample of the study is limited to consumers from one country (Malaysia), it is suggested that the future studies choose their samples from consumers in different countries.Practical implications– The results of the study give implication to firms competing in the cosmetic industry. Religiosity is one of the main factors that should be taken into account in promoting their cosmetic products. Also, as the relationship between attitude and intention to choose Halal cosmetics is similar to the relationship for Halal foods, marketers may try similar ways to promote both the products. However, the attitude and intention to choose Halal cosmetics is still lower than Halal foods.Social implications– The result of this study provides an insight for the Malaysian consumers to realize whether knowledge and religiosity have any relationship towards consumers’ attitudes towards Halal cosmetic products. The results also provide information to consumers that they are more likely to have stronger attitudes towards Halal food products than the cosmetic products. This study will be significant to the consumers, the importer and exporter, the producer and marketer and the researcher as well as the government.Originality/value– This study is the first study which has assessed the antecedents and consequence of consumers’ attitude towards Halal cosmetic products in one model. Moreover, this research is among the first attempts to investigate the significant difference in Malaysian consumers’ attitude and intention between Halal cosmetic and food products.

Purpose – In this study, in the light of best practices and strategies of AKALIFE PHARMACEUTICALS, which develops first-class cosmetics and dermo cosmetics products and manufactures also food supplements; the research question “How cosmetics companies can sell their sustainable innovations to the customers?” has been answered.
 Design/methodology/approach – In order to answer the research question a survey was formed and the data obtained from this survey, The paper discusses what takes for a cosmetics companies to achieve sustainable accomplishments in a cosmetics industry. In this context, besides the accomplished practices of AKALIFE PHARMACEUTICALS, data was collected from 107 people by survey method by selecting three independent variables that are effective on the preferability of sustainable innovations in the cosmetics sector. The statistical analyzes of these data were completed and the findings were discussed.
 Findings – As a result of the analysis, it has been observed that the most effective primary factor on the preferability of sustainable innovations invented on the cosmetics industry by customers is R&D activities. The fact that cosmetics companies develop niche formulas that have never been applied before and produce unique cosmetic products by supplying raw materials that have not been used in any cosmetics product before, brings about them to strengthen their position in the cosmetics market and provide a strong comparative advantage over their rivals. It has been observed that the effectiveness of strategic management is almost as effective as the efficiency of supply management, although not as much as the efficiency of supply management, in the customer's preference of cosmetics products as sustainable innovations.
 Originality/value – Cosmetics industry, which is a dynamic and innovative sector that is always open to change, attracts the attention of many entrepreneurs and investors in these days. The study concludes that it is crucial for sustainable cosmetics companies to take advantage of the values of sustainability, healthy content, uniqueness and innovation in generating a prosperous corporate identity and potent brand image that customers will adhere to.

Personal image, as it relates to external beauty, has attracted much attention from the cosmetic industry, and capillary aesthetics is a leader in consumption in this area. There is a great diversity of products targeting both the treatment and beautification of hair. Among them, hair straighteners stand out with a high demand by costumers aiming at beauty, social acceptance and ease of daily hair maintenance. However, this kind of treatment affects the chemical structure of keratin and of the hair fibre, bringing up some safety concerns. Moreover, the development of hair is a dynamic and cyclic process, where the duration of growth cycles depends not only on where hair grows, but also on issues such as the individual's age, dietary habits and hormonal factors. Thus, although hair fibres are composed of dead epidermal cells, when they emerge from the scalp, there is a huge variation in natural wave and the response to hair cosmetics. Although it is possible to give the hair a cosmetically favourable appearance through the use of cosmetic products, for good results in any hair treatment, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of the process. Important information, such as the composition and structure of the hair fibres, and the composition of products and techniques available for hair straightening, must be taken into account so that the straightening process can be designed appropriately, avoiding undesirable side effects for hair fibre and for health. This review aims to address the morphology, chemical composition and molecular structure of hair fibres, as well as the products and techniques used for chemical hair relaxing, their potential risk to hair fibre and to health and the legal aspects of their use.

MS2200-1:2008-Islamic Consumer Goods Part 1: Cosmetic and Personal Care-General Guidelines is a practical guidelines for halal cosmetic and personal care industry. This standard should be used together with the Guidelines for Control of Cosmetic Products in Malaysia and Guidelines on cosmetic Good Manufacturing Practice, by National Pharmaceutical Registration Agency (NPRA). A part from that, cosmetic industry must get notification from NPRA to make sure ingredients and substances in cosmetic product are not harmful before certified halal. This article attempts to examines the relationship between the compliance of MS2200-1:2008 and the industry of halal cosmetic. This study is conducted by method of library research as well as field research. This article will review the literature an issue of compliance MS2200-1:2008-Islamic Consumer Goods Part 1: Cosmetic and Personal Care-General Guidelines through industry of halal cosmetic in Malaysia. The findings of this study may be beneficial and helpful for manufactures to understand the necessary to keep follow MS2200-1:2008 as a basic requirement during the processing of halal cosmetic products as well as helps the consumers to be aware of halal cosmetic implication in their daily live.

The biotechnological potential of utilizing plant raw material reserves in the southern part of Ka-zakhstan for cosmetic production has been explored in this study. The growing daily demand for envi-ronmentally friendly, biologically active, and mineral-rich cosmetic products derived from plants and natural sources served as the basis for investigating the potential of various medicinal plants in the southern region of Kazakhstan. The study focused on 13 species of medicinal plants from the families Amarantaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Primu-laceae, Plumbaginaceae, Plantaginaceae, Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae, Indaceae, and Juncaceae, which are present in the geomorphological structures of the southern Kazakhstan flora. From this research, the most promising species for use in the cosmetic industry were identified, aiming to create effective cos-metic product compositions. Eight of the plant species contain valuable organic compounds 176-206, identified through the HS-SPME coefficient and comprehensive biochemical analyses conducted using chromatographic methods. These findings demonstrate that extracts from these plants are suitable for cosmetic product production. Moreover, for the first time, prototypes of cosmetic products based on extracts from these plant materials, containing beneficial organic compounds with proven effectiveness in cosmetology, have been developed and analyzed. The results have been positive, aligning with the standards and experiences of many global cosmetic brands.

Raw materials obtained from the natural environment: plant, mineral or animal origin, were used in ancient medicine, as well as throughout the centuries and in various geographical latitudes. Cosmetology is a relatively young field using therapeutic achievements of medicine, pharmacology, chemistry or phytotherapy. Numerous sources describe the composition and properties of raw materials produced by bees: honey, propolis (propolis), beeswax, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee venom and bee bread. Products of bee origin show a comprehensive effect of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer (cytotoxic - e.g. in the treatment of melanoma), estrogenic nature. Their physicochemical properties are used in the production of cosmetics, dermocosmetics and colour cosmetics. Raw materials produced by these insects are a very valuable and rich source of active substances with proven medicinal properties, used in both conventional and folk medicine and increasingly in cosmetics, and can be safely used in care, excluding people who have experienced a hypersensitivity reaction to bee products. In cosmetology, a holistic approach to care forces the search for the most optimal methods that affect the maintenance of the proper physiological state of the body, and thus delay the progressive aging process of the body. Professional, but also everyday anti-aging care, should be primarily focused on the use of products that have a beneficial effect on maintaining the function of the skin barrier, protect the skin from free radicals, stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen and intercellular matrix - improving the elasticity and firmness of the skin, protect against the formation of pigment changes, strengthen the immune function of the skin and have a beneficial effect on the strengthening of the endothelium of the skin vessels and with the content of substances acting similarly to botulinum toxin. The cosmetics industry, in line with the current trend focused on ecology and a healthy lifestyle, is constantly expanding its offer with products containing natural raw materials, especially those of bee origin. The article presents a review of current literature published in the last decade (2014-2024) available in scientific databases.