Abstract
Background: A variety of regulatory approaches including immune modulation have been explored as approaches to either eradicate antitumor response or induce suppressive mechanism in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Thus, the study of immune-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature is of great value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of glioblastoma. Methods: Glioblastoma samples with lncRNA sequencing and corresponding clinical data were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immune-lncRNAs co-expression networks were built to identify immune-related lncRNAs via Pearson correlation. Based on the median risk score acquired in the training set, we divided the samples into high- and low-risk groups and demonstrate the survival prediction ability of the immune-related lncRNA signature. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used for immune state analysis. Results: A cohort of 151 glioblastoma samples and 730 immune-related genes were acquired in this study. A five immune-related lncRNA signature (AC046143.1, AC021054.1, AC080112.1, MIR222HG, and PRKCQ-AS1) was identified. Compared with patients in the high-risk group, patients in the low-risk group showed a longer overall survival (OS) in the training, validation, and entire TCGA set (p = 1.931e-05, p = 1.706e-02, and p = 3.397e-06, respectively). Additionally, the survival prediction ability of this lncRNA signature was independent of known clinical factors and molecular features. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and stratified analyses were further performed to verify its optimal survival predictive potency. Of note, the high-and low-risk groups exhibited significantly distinct immune state according to the PCA and GSEA analyses. Conclusions: Our study proposes that a five immune-related lncRNA signature can be utilized as a latent indicator of prognosis and potential therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
Highlights
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and fatal primary brain tumor around the world (McGuire, 2016)
A cohort of 151 glioblastoma samples and 730 immune-related genes were acquired in this study
The high-and low-risk groups exhibited significantly distinct immune state according to the principal component analysis (PCA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses
Summary
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and fatal primary brain tumor around the world (McGuire, 2016). Seminal discoveries have clarified the mechanism of immune response within glioblastoma, and emerging immune therapeutic strategies have exhibited great potential by initiating and amplifying host anti-tumor immunity (Turkowski et al, 2018; Silver et al, 2016; Sampson et al, 2017). Immune-related biomarkers of this malignancy do not facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation but rather offer an extraordinary glimpse of the tumor pathophysiology. LncRNA MALAT1 contributes to tumor proliferation and progression by MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 axis (Liao et al, 2019). The connection between immune-related lncRNAs and prognosis prediction of glioblastoma is worth further exploration. A variety of regulatory approaches including immune modulation have been explored as approaches to either eradicate antitumor response or induce suppressive mechanism in the glioblastoma microenvironment. The study of immune-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature is of great value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of glioblastoma
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