A first approach study on the desalination of sea water using heat transformers powered by solar ponds

Single-stage and advanced absorption heat transformers operating with lithium bromide mixtures used to increase solar pond's temperature

Effect of irreversibilities on performance of an absorption heat transformer used to increase solar pond’s temperature

Solar energy has intermittent heat collection due the atmospheric phenomena, even the clarity index is widely evaluating the approximation for modelling the solar energy always is a function of the time. Solar ponds are a technology for solar energy accumulation, this technology has evaluations for tilt angles and salt concentration temperature variation and has availability with small variation along 24 hours a day. This technology may supply constant heat load to a thermodynamic cycle for temperature upgrade from the solar pond temperature level. Absorption heat transformer is a Type II heat pump to take a heat source part of the thermal energy to increase the temperature of the half heat source, in this case, from a solar pond. This article shows the data for several operating conditions of an absorption heat pump operating whit Carrol © / water solution. The main result is the gross temperature lift from solar pond technology with an AHT operating with condensation into the same solar pond to increase the Coefficient of Performance.

Experimental evaluation of a single-stage heat transformer used to increase solar pond’s temperature

Different methods for modeling absorption heat transformer powered by solar pond

Performance improvement of absorption heat transformer

Absorption heat transformer - state-of-the-art of industrial applications

Thermodynamic and economic feasibility of solar ponds for various thermal applications: A comprehensive review

Energy and exergy analyses of seawater desalination system integrated in a solar heat transformer

Both brackish water desalination and seawater desalination processes are well established and in common use around the globe to create new water supply sources. The farther the location of the source water from the ocean or seashore, the lower the salinity (TDS) of the water and the lower the osmotic pressure that needs to be overcome when desalinated water is produced. This is one of the major reasons that brackish desalination is often considered less costly than seawater desalination. A number of project considerations, however, indicate that seawater desalination can be beneficial and more cost-effective than brackish water desalination. To make a fair comparison, we need to properly compare all major aspects of both types of projects to define the best and most appropriate desalination technology. While brackish water has less feed water TDS, it is more challenging to dispose of the produced concentrate. Also, although brackish water desalination needs less energy to overcome osmotic pressure, it usually requires more energy to draw the water from the well than it takes to pump seawater from the open ocean intake. Another factor is that the temperature of the brackish well water may be lower than the temperature of ocean water, giving seawater desalination an advantage in energy demand. In comparing brackish to seawater desalination, these major aspects should be evaluated: (1) Locations of seawater and brackish water plants, relative to the major consumers of the desalinated water, (2) Transportation (pumping and disposal) costs of the feed water and produced water, (3) Potential colocation of a seawater plant with a large industrial user (e.g., power plant) of the seawater for cooling or other purposes, (4) Produced quality of brackish water and seawater desalination in terms of major minerals and emerging contaminants, (5) Sustainability of the water source: capacity and depth of the brackish water wells, as well as the type of soil. (6) Technical and economic aspects of produced concentrate disposal, (7) Permitting process costs for brackish and seawater desalination, and (8) The economics of both brackish and seawater desalination treatment processes: capital costs, operational and maintenance (O&M) costs, lifetime water cost, and total water cost (TWC). This paper discusses the major evaluation criteria and considerations involved in properly comparing the economic and technical aspects of brackish and seawater desalination to determine the more favorable desalination technology for a given desalination project.

Comparison of single and double stage absorption and resorption heat transformers operating with the ammonia-lithium nitrate mixture

Multi-objective optimization of two double-flash geothermal power plants integrated with absorption heat transformation and water desalination

Evaluation of a heat transformer powered by a solar pond

Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of three cascade power plants coupled with RO desalination unit, driven by a salinity-gradient solar pond

The performance of one solar pond as a passive step in distilled and potable water production from desalination effluent is surveyed in this research. This solar pond is proposed in a zero discharge desalination process to prevent the salinity shocking which is made by a brackish water stream that exists from desalination units. The solar pond performance is evaluated by measuring three types of efficiency, experimentally, and mathematically. The efficiencies which are defined and calculated from experimental data are conductivity efficiency, thermal efficiency, and water recovery efficiency. The mathematical results are verified by experimental data which has been obtained during a year. The theoretical modelings show very good agreement with experimental data, especially for water collection and conductivity efficiency evaluation. The relative error of theoretical and experimental results for thermal efficiency evaluation through the day and night is obtained 7.2% and 4.9%, respectively.