Abstract
A double-negative metamaterial-inspired antenna is presented for mobile wireless applications. The antenna consists of a semi-circular radiating patch and a 3 × 4 hexagonal shaped metamaterial unit cell array in the ground plane. The antenna is fed with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line. The electric dimensions of the proposed antenna are 0.20λ × 0.26λ × 0.004λ, at the low-end frequency. The proposed antenna achieves a −10 dB impedance with a bandwidth of 2.29 GHz at the lower band and 1.28 GHz at the upper band and can operate for most of the mobile applications such as upper GSM bands, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency bands. The focused novelties of the proposed antenna are its small size, multi-standard operating bands, and electromagnetic absorption reduction at all the operating frequencies using the double-negative metamaterial ground plane.
Highlights
Following the recent advent of artificial metamaterials, there has been much interest in microwave applications
If both negative permittivity (ε) and negative permeability (μ) are found at a certain frequency, the composite material exhibits a negative refractive index (η) property, and it is usually referred to as a double-negative (DNG), negative refractive index (NRI), or left-handed material (LHM). These unconventional properties of metamaterials are used in many current applications, such as microwave component design, antenna design, electromagnetic absorption reduction, contactless measurement, and invisibility cloaking [1,2,3,4]
The electromagnetic absorption limit recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and IEEE C95.1:2005 guideline is 1.6 W/kg averaged over 1 gram of tissue volume in the shape of a cube and 2.0 W/kg average over any 10 grams of continuous tissue
Summary
Following the recent advent of artificial metamaterials, there has been much interest in microwave applications. If both negative permittivity (ε) and negative permeability (μ) are found at a certain frequency, the composite material exhibits a negative refractive index (η) property, and it is usually referred to as a double-negative (DNG), negative refractive index (NRI), or left-handed material (LHM) These unconventional properties of metamaterials are used in many current applications, such as microwave component design, antenna design, electromagnetic absorption reduction, contactless measurement, and invisibility cloaking [1,2,3,4]. Tay et al proposed a reflector with a dipole to reduce the electromagnetic absorption in [15] The drawback of this technique is the use of an additional reflector together with the main antenna, resulting in increased manufacturing cost and device dimensions.
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