Abstract
Quebec is the third-largest wine grape producing province in Canada, and the industry is constantly expanding. Traditionally, 90% of the grapevine cultivars grown in Quebec were winter hardy and largely dominated by interspecific hybrid Vitis sp. cultivars. Over the years, the winter protection techniques adopted by growers and climate changes have offered an opportunity to establish V. vinifera L. cultivars (e.g., Pinot noir). We characterized the virome of leafroll-infected interspecific hybrid cultivar and compared it to the virome of V. vinifera cultivar to support and facilitate the transition of the industry. A dsRNA sequencing method was used to sequence symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine leaves of different cultivars. The results suggested a complex virome in terms of composition, abundance, richness, and phylogenetic diversity. Three viruses, grapevine Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) 3 and 2 and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) largely dominated the virome. However, their presence and abundance varied among grapevine cultivars. The symptomless grapevine cultivar Vidal was frequently infected by multiple virus and viroid species and different strains of the same virus, including GLRaV-3 and 2. Our data show that viruses and viroids associated with the highest number of grapevines expressing symptoms included HSVd, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-2, in gradient order. However, co-occurrence analysis revealed that the presence of GLRaV species was randomly associated with the development of virus-like symptoms. These findings and their implications for grapevine leafroll disease management are discussed.
Highlights
The Canadian grape industry is constantly expanding, with a production area of more than12,000 ha in 2019 for a total revenue of CAD 9 billion dollars[1]
90% of the grapevine cultivars cultivated in Quebec were rustic, with nearly 50% of the grapevine production based on an interspecific hybrid Vitis sp. cultivar named Vidal, which was developed in the 1930s, because these hybrid cultivars were able to survive harsh winter conditions and produced mature berries in the short and warm growing season
The plateau in terms of number of virus species was detected after a cumulus of 17 samples, and 60% of the viral species were detected after a cumulus of five samples, suggesting that many of the viral species were present in the majority of sampled plants (Figure 2A)
Summary
The Canadian grape industry is constantly expanding, with a production area of more than12,000 ha in 2019 for a total revenue of CAD 9 billion dollars[1]. The Canadian grape industry is constantly expanding, with a production area of more than. Quebec is the third-largest wine grape producer in Canada in terms of acreage, tonnage and wine grape sales. Quebec’s industry is increasing the area dedicated to grapevine production. 90% of the grapevine cultivars cultivated in Quebec were rustic (winter hardy), with nearly 50% of the grapevine production based on an interspecific hybrid Vitis sp. Cultivar named Vidal, which was developed in the 1930s, because these hybrid cultivars were able to survive harsh winter conditions and produced mature berries in the short and warm growing season. Viruses 2020, 12, 1142 constant improvement of techniques favoring the survival of the plants has led to a profound change of the industry. Growers’ experience and climate changes offered an opportunity to establish
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