Abstract
O presente estudo analisou a diní¢mica de uma pescaria de pequena escala na Amazônia em associação com o ciclo hidrológico. Dados de desembarque pesqueiro foram coletados diariamente no período de fevereiro/2007 a janeiro/2008 no Porto Panairzinha em Manacapuru, Amazonas í Brasil (3°18’33â€ÂS e 60°33’21â€ÂW). Os resultados mostraram que a frota atuante no Lago Grande é composta por canoas motorizadas e barcos de pesca, sendo o número de canoas superior ao de barcos. A média do pescado desembarcado foi de 274,15 ton.ano-1, ocorrendo menor produção nos períodos de enchente/cheia e maior na vazante/seca. As principais espécies desembarcadas foram: Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui = 17,8%), Cichla monoculus (tucunaré = 15,5%), Prochilodus nigricans (curimatã = 12,2%), Astronotus ocellatus (acará-açu = 8,7%) e Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (aruanã = 8,4%), predominando a malhadeira (97%) nessas capturas. Foi observado que a sazonalidade do Rio Solimões influi diretamente nas pescarias e na disponibilidade do pescado. Nesse sentido, decisões envolvendo o manejo pesqueiro nessa região devem estabelecer medidas que assegurem a sustentabilidade da pesca local, considerando como essencial a relação entre o peixe, o ambiente e os aspectos socioeconômicos das pescarias de pequena escala.
Highlights
The Amazon basin has approximately 20% of its territory formed by floodplain areas along the rivers (JUNK and HOWARD-WILLIAMS, 1984) forming várzeas, which are Amazonian areas seasonally inundated by the white water rivers (PRANCE, 1980), and igapós, defined as seasonally flooded areas occurring in the black water river regions, as Amazon water logged swamp forest (PRANCE, 1980), both composing very rich ecosystems that support complex trophic chain (LOWE-MCCONNEL, 1987)
This inundation periodicity contributes with a complexity aquatic environments, which connects or put apart its selves during the hydrologic cycle periods, forming a huge floodplain ecosystem (JUNK, 1997; HURD et al, 2016). This region aggregates a large variety of resident and migratory fish species (FREITAS and GARCEZ, 2004), and its diversity have been attractive for the establishment of human riverine communities (MÓRAN, 1990) that exploit this natural fish resource by an artisanal subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries activity
The first group was predominant in numbers representing 97% of the fish boats catalogued. This finds differ from the results reported by BATISTA (2003) about the fish boats used in the fishing fleet of Itacoatiara, Parintins and Manacapuru municipalities
Summary
The Amazon basin has approximately 20% of its territory formed by floodplain areas along the rivers (JUNK and HOWARD-WILLIAMS, 1984) forming várzeas, which are Amazonian areas seasonally inundated by the white water rivers (PRANCE, 1980), and igapós, defined as seasonally flooded areas occurring in the black water river regions, as Amazon water logged swamp forest (PRANCE, 1980), both composing very rich ecosystems that support complex trophic chain (LOWE-MCCONNEL, 1987). The high spatial heterogeneity and the seasonal dynamic are key factors that contribute to successful colonization of the Amazonian floodplains by several fish species, which use this environment as breeding, refuge and feeding areas (SOARES et al, 2014; HURD et al, 2016). Aside this high fish diversity, floodplains are highly productive areas, which is a key factor to the existence of abundant fish stocks. It’s contribute to the permanence of riverine communities and guarantee in these areas a permanently occupancy (SANTOS and FERREIRA, 1999)
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