Abstract

Abstract The wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) is still regarded as an NP-hard problem involving a lot of constraints owing to the multiple wake effects. In order to efficiently cope with the problem, both a new optimization model and an improved differential evolution algorithm are developed. First of all, a new bilevel programming model is presented for the problems of this kind. Different from other existing models, the bilevel programming problem aims at the maximum profit at upper level as well as the maximum power output at lower level. Then, in the wind farm (WF) areas given, wind turbines (WTs) are placed at different locations and the wake effect among different wind turbines is taken into account. In addition, by designing a hybrid mutation operator, an improved differential evolution algorithm (IDE) is proposed for dealing with the bilevel programming model. Finally, the comparative analysis of maximal power output among the proposed algorithm and other four advanced methods is conducted under two wind conditions collected from commercial wind farms, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective.KeywordsWind farm layout optimizationBilevel programming modelDifferential evolutionProfit

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