Abstract
We formulate and prove a defect theorem for bi-infinite words. Let X be a finite set of words over a finite alphabet. If a nonperiodic bi-infinite word w has two X-factorizations, then the combinatorial rank of X is at most card(X)−1 , i.e., there exists a set F such that X⊆F + with card(F)< card(X) . Moreover, in the case when the combinatorial rank of X equals card(X) , the number of periodic bi-infinite words which have two different X-factorizations is finite.
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