A deceptively simple question

Agricultural institutions play a crucial role in agricultural development as they can enhance the quality of human resources, increase production and income, and improve farmers' welfare. Participation of socio-economic empowerment groups in improving the economy in rural areas in various aspects is essential to achieve these goals. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the research subjects and their participation from both internal and external aspects. The internal aspect is based on the benefits received, while the external aspect is influenced by local socio-cultural factors, agricultural extension workers' guidance, and leaders' capabilities. The research employs mixed methods, with data collection techniques including questionnaires, observations, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The data are analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The informants consist of members of the Leading Farmer and Fishermen Contact (LFFC) Padamara and field extension officers. The research was conducted in the agricultural institutions of Padamara District, Purbalingga Regency, and Central Java. The results show: (1) The majority of the research subjects are male (85%), aged 46 – 60 years (45%), with high school education (60%), earning 1,000,000 – 2,000,000 per month (65%), and have been members of LFFC for more than 3 years. (2) Participation from the internal aspect, based on the benefits received by members, shows a very high level of agreement. (3) Participation from the external aspect, including the culture of cooperation, also shows a very high level of agreement.

No presente trabalho foi estudado o efeito de reguladores de crescimento (CCC, Alar, Giberelina e Ethephon) nas características do tomate. Os reguladores foram aplicados uma só vez, em pulverização foliar aos 38 dias após a semeação. Foram efetuadas duas colheitas, aos 60 dias e aos 100 dias após a aplicação dos reguladores. A qualidade foi avaliada através de análises físicas (Brix e cor), químicas (pH, ácido ascórbico e atividade de pectinesterase) e sensorials (cor, "flavor", aspectos interno e externo). Dentro das condições deste experimento os autores concluíram que a aplicação daquelas substâncias não teve influência no pH, na cor, nos conteúdos de sólidos solúveis e de ácido ascórbico dos frutos. Houve pequena influência na atividade da pectinesterase porém, devida à interação entre tratamentos e época de colheita. O "flavor" não foi afetado pelos tratamentos, mas os tomates da segunda colheita foram significativamente melhores. O aspecto interno e o externo foram bastante afetados, tendo o Ethephon sido o pior e o CCC, o melhor. Em termos de qualidade geral, os tratamentos classificaram-se, de acordo com a preferência dos julgadores, em ordem decrescente de qualidade como segue: CCC, Ethephon, Testemunha, Giberelina e Alar.

Islamic mobile apps are one of the most popular and have achieved the highest downloads in the app store. As it relates to holy religious content, several factors need to be considered, particularly in its development. During the app's development, credibility, authenticity, and accurate information are crucial in any religious app, which is trustworthy and good-quality Islamic mobile apps. To produce this type of app, app developers, particularly Muslims, need to have certain values or ethics when developing Islamic apps. Good internal aspects of a Muslim app's developer will show in their behaviors and deeds, which can be associated with Islamic work ethics. Thus, this paper aims to produce a conceptual framework that can be used as guidance for a Muslim app's developer. Activities such as literature reviews and semi-structured interviews have been used in developing the conceptual framework. By the end of the activities, the framework had been developed. The guideline criteria were derived from two points of view, internal and external, as discussed in the model of human nature by Al-Ghazali, which has been selected as the base of the study. Then, other criteria were determined to fix both internal and external aspects to develop the initial framework. The criteria for Islamic working ethics were referred to as al-birr and masuliyyah for the external aspect and taqwa and ihsan for the internal aspect. In addition, since internal aspects were related to internal spirits, which may relate to the emotional and spiritual intelligence of a Muslim, this study also proposed the use of the Al-Fatihah chapter as a prominent guide in the framework. It is hoped that the guidelines can be useful for Muslims who are developing Islamic mobile apps.

This research aims to identify strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats in PAI learning at SMP 11 Ma'arif Bangsalsari Jember. Thus, the school can find appropriate and measurable steps to make decisions. In this study, a qualitative research approach was used with the SWOT matrix analysis method. The data used were taken from respondents who had filled out a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data were then grouped based on SWOT aspects and analyzed using the SWOT matrix approach. The results of this study show that in the internal aspect, the independent curriculum gives freedom to PAI teachers to develop a learning process that can be adapted to the needs of students. However, the weakness found is the limited resources and facilities in the institution that greatly affect the learning process. In the external aspect, PAI learning has a wider opportunity to develop Islamic religious values according to individual abilities. However, the threat is that differences in interpretation between teachers can cause conflicts that lead to disunity, which can reduce the intensity and quality of PAI learning. Based on these internal and external aspects, there are several steps that PAI teachers should take. First, teachers need to innovate in PAI learning optimally. Second, teachers need to expand relationships with the community and clerics to improve social competence. Third, PAI teachers must have enthusiasm and continue to improve professionalism in carrying out academic duties. Fourth, teachers need to increase support from the education office and school leadership in facilitating PAI learning activities. Fifth, PAI teachers need to improve their ability and cohesiveness in understanding the implementation of the independent curriculum. Sixth, teachers need to improve quality in the realm of professionalism and understanding of the concept of religious moderation. Seventh, teachers need to be equipped with skills in developing interesting and effective PAI learning for students. Eighth, teachers need to communicate with school leaders and the education office to provide and prepare supporting facilities in PAI learning.

This research aims to find out the strategies that can be done to support the increase in scientific publications of lecturers and the academic community in STIBA Makassar. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative research approach. The object of this research is the internal and external environment of STIBA Makassar in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analyzed using SWOT techniques. The results showed that the activities and research programs in STIBA Makassar environment can run well are strongly influenced or determined by internal and external aspects. Internal aspects can support the improvement of scientific publications when all the components involved can support the policies and roadmaps that are drawn up. External aspects can support the improvement of scientific publications when communication and partnership are established in an ongoing and reciprocity in developing programs that can benefit the community and the development of STIBA Makassar. Based on the results of SWOT analysis, strategic programs to support the improvement of scientific publications of lecturers and academic community in STIBA Makassar can be focused on three areas of development strategy, namely: (1) research development; (2) provision of institutional services, and (3) management support and implementation of other technical tasks.

Social live of female singers Cafe in Bojonegoro supports her habit to drink. This drinking habit is divided into two aspects, namely internal and external aspects. The internal aspects are not rational anymore, so she considers it reasonable to drink liquor. The external aspects that have been affecting the client was friends of the profession and hang out with clients. Counseling process using rational emotive behavior therapy was due to the influence of the association, and because the woman drank alcohol almost every day, but this issue was never aware if she has deviated from social rules and not favored by the people around her. After the Islamic counseling process counselor then find the point of success is marked by changes in activity of women who received counseling prior to this woman every day drinking. After counseling, this women singers Cafe is no longer every day drinking. This woman also change the nature and behavior becoming better. The change of this woman is marked by rarely hang out with people who like to drink liquor, and be a little more rational in thinking. Keywords: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Drinking Liquor Habit

Individual cannot be described by taking one single category because basically every individual has multiple identity. There is no single identity will ever be found in men or women. There will be an intersection between sex and other social categories such as social class, age, race, ethnicity, religion, education, skin color, and other categories not yet mentioned. Intersection is an approach explaining that every human never has a single identity. People carry their identity and other aspects that actually construct the intersection as a combination of the identity they have. Intersection is something liquid and influenced by both internal and external aspects as well. Internal aspects are the identity carried by the subjects, while external aspects are the contexts of place, time, power relations, and momentum. In Clara Atawa Wanita yang Diperkosa short story by Seno Gumira Ajidarma, the researcher found an intersection of identity had by female main character, Clara. This intersection is formed by three things, they are sex, ethnicity, and social class. These three things cannot be separated as they have formed a single unity refering to the identity of Clara. The intersection occurs because the barriers between the categories of identity are opened. The rape experienced by Clara in this story is not a rape by sex, but a form of oppression to certain ethnicity (Chinese) and social class.

Vocational High School graduates who can study independently will become lifelong learners who are responsive to change so they can compete in the workforce of the revolutionary era 4.0. But the learning process at Vocational High School is still not paying attention to the development of high-level thinking skills of students. This is in line with the opinion of Mukhadis that the implementation of learning in the field of technology is still less encouraging which has an impact on the lack of development of individual abilities to develop high-level thinking skills, namely metacognition. Metacognitive awareness of Vocational students is still not suspected because of several aspects, that is internal and external aspects. Internal aspects are factors that influence students from themselves, one of them is intrapersonal intelligence. Then the external aspect is a factor that influences from outside the student’s teaching skills. Given the importance of this metacognitive awareness, the authors conducted a study on the contribution of teacher teaching skills, intrapersonal intelligence to the metacognitive awareness of vocational students in computer network engineering study program in Blitar City. This study aims to determine how much the contribution of teacher teaching skills and intrapersonal intelligence of students to the metacognitive awareness of vocational students in computer engineering and network expertise packages in Blitar City. The type and analysis of data in this study are included in quantitative research. The number of samples used was 57 students in class X. Data collection techniques for variable teaching skills, intrapersonal intelligence and metacognitive awareness using questionnaires. Data analysis includes description and multiple regression.The results show as follows that, there is no significant contribution to partial teaching skills to the metacognitive consciousness; there is a significant contribution to the contribution of students’ intrapersonal intelligence partially towards the students’ metacognitive awareness of 44.22% and there is also a significant contributions to teacher teaching skills and intrapersonal intelligence of students to the students’ metacognitive awareness of 52.8%.

Optical fiber is a telecommunications transmission medium that has a large bandwidth and bit rate so that it can meet the needs of today's data services with great reliability and efficiency. Optical fiber applications continue to be broad and have included seabed networks, terrestrial networks, metropolitan and regional scope networks, and small-scale networks. Optical fiber communication systems have 2 factors that affect the quality of network performance, namely internal aspects and external aspects. These internal and external aspects can degrade the performance quality of the optical fiber used and can cause attenuation and other transmission losses. As an effort to prevent sudden and significant deterioration in the quality of a network, it is necessary to try regular maintenance activities such as scheduled fiber optic cable network service quality measurements. These maintenance activities can help ensure network capacity increase decisions. One of the quality of service parameters that is often measured is transmission attenuation and received signal energy (received power). This research examines increasing the bandwidth capacity of PT PLN ICON PLUS in the Central Sumatra region during a network anomaly, namely a slow internet connection in the Rayon Panam Cluster. The sample taken from one of the customers shows the results of measuring the internet speed of 4-5 Mbps only, while the service taken is 10 Mbps. The results of checking on the up-link side to OLT Rayon Panam found that the data output was close to its capacity, which was 940,919,000 bits/sec or 0.9 Gb/sec. Increasing bandwidth capacity is done by moving the OLT port on the up-link side from the gigabit ethernet port to the tengigabit ethernet port, then replacing the SR type SFP with SFP ER and adding fiber optic attenuators so that the speed test results on the customer side have returned to their original appearance., 10 Mbps.

One of the civil society groups currently advocating for public policy in Pontianak City is the Pontianak Bhinneka Network (PBN). As for public policy advocacy by the Pontianak Bhinneka Network regarding tolerance, it is interesting to examine the problems. The limitation scope of the problem is about problems of public policy advocacy by civil society groups. The PBN has made a fairly systematic and structured effort in advocating and encouraging policies on tolerance in Pontianak City. However, there are still problems faced by PBN in conducting policy advocacy covering internal and external aspects. From the internal aspect, it focuses on organizational capacity and relates to autonomy, especially related to funding and sustainability. Problems from the external aspect regarding relations with state actors and other actors, and managing public issues related to policy issues that are being pushed. The two external problems are interrelated, and related to sub-systems, namely legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture.

Certification is a mandatory requirement for seafood product exporters in Indonesia, so that the products sold can be accepted by consumers in their country, but exporting companies face problems if there is a quality rejection when food safety regulations are applied by the importing country. The certification, which was initially voluntary in nature, eventually becomes an export obligation and condition when the buyer from the importing country requests it. Problems arise when the buyer does not continue the request because the company in the exporting country does not have the required certification. Significant certification fees (including audit fees and other costs to meet the requirements requested by the certifier), become one of several certification obstacles for seafood product exporter companies in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a survey method and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) to 58 experienced respondents in the field of implementing Food Safety Management Systems who work in 8 exporting companies of seafood products certified by the British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Food Standard version 8 in Indonesia. Each company is represented by a minimum of 2 people and a maximum of 7 respondents who serve as supervisors, managers, to company directors. The total number of respondents is limited, but the quality of opinions that are very specific, focused, and broad understanding as business actors make the results can be used as a reference. The development of certification goes hand in hand with demand, consumer expectations and the complexity of the company's internal and external aspects, one of which refers to the supply chain management process (Supply Chain Management). Physical suitability, quality, food safety, and the purchase price of fish raw materials are indicated as internal aspects that support business continuity in the fishery business. Meanwhile, government support is indicated as an external aspect. This research is aimed specifically at fisheries and marine business actors in Indonesia who want to expand their market to the world market. Company management commitment is required in the implementation of Food Safety & Quality Management Systems in various aspects of the company on an ongoing basis (Continuous Improvement). According to the author's knowledge.

This article tries to understand Islamic reformation movements in the modern era based on two points of views: internal and external aspects. On the one hand, based on the internal aspect, Muslims need to reform their social structure and mental attitudes in arranging their socio-political lift by reforming their religious understanding which is accordance with their developing logics and imagination. In the other hand, based on the external aspect, it is because of the development of 'the economic-political authorities' in this modern era, i.e. a system of nation state, democartion, human ghts and modem capitalism. The changes force Muslims to reform their ways of thinking toward their religious orthodoxy, traditions, and intellectual treasury. To understand reformation movements could not be separated from their historical contexts because the reformation movements are not monolitic. They have various forms and different purposes. However, the religious understanding could not also be separated from the intellectual development and the challenges of life faced by Muslim societies.
 KeyWords: Islamic Thought Reformation, Islamic Orthodoxy, Islamic Movements

Success model for knowledge management systems used by doctoral researchers

Stand-alone off-grid power supply system is a necessity for applications when electrical power distribution network is inaccessible. Internal and external subject security aspects should be valued, and the system should be optimized to obtain properly working, never-failing and secure local electrical power supply system. Internal security aspects result from both security concept and used technologies. Internal threats contain fire ignition, flooding, electrical cables melting and other threats arising from intrinsic materials or subsystems characteristics, at standard conditions of use. Additional external aspects include anti-theft protection, breaking doors or windows signaling and countermeasure, weather extremes alert, etc. Both internal and external aspects necessarily induce additional off-grid power system or subject monitoring that might be performed by supervising security subsystem. This paper provides a solution for off-grid security subsystem. It consists from pervasive sensor circuits, fuzzy controlled diagnostics and executive actuators. Cooperated fuzzy logic diagnostic and control device enables to evaluate anticipated threats and dynamically generates the most appropriate decisions about real threat existence that leads to improvement of system protection. Proposed fuzzy rules are particularly discussed in the paper.

Dago Tea House is a cultural tourism based or commonly called cultural tourism that offers a variety of unique arts and cultures. This Study aims to identified and analyzed the existing tourist attraction in Dago Tea House from the internal aspects (strengths and weaknesses) of external aspects (opportunities and threats) and then formulate the direction of optimize of tourist attraction in a proper planning and strategy for Dago Tea House in how to be an alternative of culture tourism in Bandung city. The research method used is qualitative descriptive which is assisted by using Analysis SWOT. From the research and analysis in terms of general conditions and the attraction, amenity, accessibility and ancillary of Dago Tea House and got a score 2.74 in IFAS Matrix and 2.57 in the EFAS matrix. The result of rating analysis and weighting of internal and external aspect shows that Dago Tea House is in Quadrant 1 supporting the aggressive strategy which can be concluded include optimizing of tourist attraction and promotion.