Abstract
BackgroundThere are many reports that dynapenia, sarcopenia and frailty each have associations with bodily function or with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). However, studies that compare all three conditions and their effects on IADL are lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine associations of sarcopenia, frailty, and dynapenia with IADL.MethodsParticipants included 123 community-dwelling older adults (31 men, 92 women,) aged 65 years or older (75.0 ± 5.3 years) who were independent in IADL. In terms of physical function, measurements were performed for muscle mass, grip strength, walking speed, isometric knee extension strength, and unipedal standing. A questionnaire survey was carried out, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was administered, and participants were asked about sense of fatigue and amount of activity.ResultsDynapenia was associated with classifications of both frailty and sarcopenia. In addition, sarcopenia had a sensitivity and specificity for dynapenia of 33 and 89%, respectively. Frailty had a sensitivity and specificity for dynapenia of 17 and 98%, respectively. Dynapenia was a significant independent related factor for the TMIG-IC (β = −0.21, P < 0.05).ConclusionsDynapenia, more than sarcopenia or frailty, was related to difficulties with IADL; therefore, assessment of dynapenia should be given greater emphasis in evaluating the physical functioning of older adults.
Highlights
There are many reports that dynapenia, sarcopenia and frailty each have associations with bodily function or with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
In addition to using the Unipedal Standing Test (UST), which is a useful test for predicting falls [17], we examined the definitions of sarcopenia, frailty and dynapenia as these relate to the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), to evaluate the activity ability that is required to engage in independent living in the community [18]
All of the values for the physical features and a variety of physical function measurement results were significantly higher in men than in women, except for UST
Summary
There are many reports that dynapenia, sarcopenia and frailty each have associations with bodily function or with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The purpose of this study is to examine associations of sarcopenia, frailty, and dynapenia with IADL. The term sarcopenia was coined by Rosenberg [3] At first it was understood as “muscle atrophy with aging,” but its clinical operational criteria had not been established. For this reason, in 2010 the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommended using the presence of both low muscle function (low physical performance or low muscle strength) and low muscle mass to diagnose sarcopenia [4]. In 2013, the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS)
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