A critical evaluation of public health programs at the Bunker Hill Superfund site

Abstract

Since 1983, the Bunker Hill Superfund site (BHSS) has been the second largest on US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Priority List for cleanup. Contaminants include millions of tons of Pb, Cd, Hg and As. In 1974, following a bag house fire, 22.1% of young children had blood lead levels >80 μg/dl. In the early 1980s to the present, EPA initiated the cleanup of exterior residential soils and the smelter complex. In 1999, The National Geological Service confirmed that heavy metal pollution had extended from BHSS to Lake Coeur d'Alene (already known earlier) all the way to the Spokane River in Washington State via water borne tributaries linking Idaho and Washington States. This report focuses on public health programs and their results initiated by Federal and State agencies at the BHSS. These programs include blood lead screening, educational programs, exploratory dust control plans, and land transactions. These programs and their results are then evaluated, assessed and critically discussed. The conclusion of this critical evaluation assessment is that the protection of public health has not been adequately addressed or protected by Federal and State agencies.