Abstract
A Critical Assessment of Green Ammonia Production and Ammonia Production Technologies
Highlights
Ammonia has had a profound global impact since the discovery of ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen by Haber–Bosch in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century
For the production of hydrogen, which is used as a raw material in ammonia synthesis, various production scenarios have been developed for the production of blue ammonia with lower carbon dioxide emissions, while the focus is on green ammonia production where no carbon dioxide emission occurs.[20]
There is no Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) cost for one tonne of ammonia produced by the Haber–Bosch process, while the Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) cost is around 70 EUR for one tonne of ammonia compared to the blue ammonia production.[20]
Summary
Ammonia has had a profound global impact since the discovery of ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen by Haber–Bosch in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. The use of decarbonisation processes, such as the Haber– Bosch process, seems more attractive to manufacturers for ammonia production.[5,26] Various production methods have been developed for green ammonia production processes in which no carbon dioxide emission occurs These can be listed as liquid electrolyte-based systems, molten saltbased electrolyte systems, composite membrane-based systems, ceramic/inorganic proton conducting solid electrolyte-based systems, polymer membrane-based systems, and O2-conducting membrane materials systems.[27] as mentioned, these technologies are yet to be commercialised, as ammonia is not produced at a scale to meet today’s ammonia need.[28] In this evaluation study, alternative hydrogen production methods were evaluated in order to prevent the carbon emissions during the production of hydrogen used as an intermediate input in the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. In addition to a comprehensive comparison of energy consumption and costs for ammonia production processes, it is aimed at guiding and giving ideas for new research by evaluating the situation regarding the production process and storage of ammonia
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