Abstract
In this paper, a regionally disaggregated global energy system model with a detailed treatment of the whole chain of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is used to derive the cost-optimal global pattern of CO2 sequestration in regional detail over the period 2010-2050 under the target of halving global energy-related CO2 emissions in 2050 compared to the 2005 level. The major conclusions are the following. First, enhanced coalbed methane recovery will become a key early opportunity for CO2 sequestration, so coalrich regions such as the US, China, and India will play a leading role in global CO2 sequestration. Enhanced oil recovery will also have a participation in global CO2 sequestration from the initial stage of CCS deployment, which may be applied mainly in China, southeastern Asia, and West Africa in 2030 and mainly in the Middle East in 2050. Second, CO2 sequestration will be carried out in an increasing number of world regions over time. In particular, CCS will be deployed extensively in today’s developing countries. Third, an increasing amount of the captured CO2 will be stored in aquifers in many parts of the world due to their abundant and widespread availability and their low cost. It is shown that the share of aquifers in global CO2 sequestration reaches 82.0% in 2050.
Highlights
Avoiding dangerous climate change is an increasingly formidable challenge
This result implies that large-scale commercial deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is likely to begin around 2030 under the stringent CO2 emissions reduction constraint
As technological progress in the field of CCS technologies advances over time, they make an increasing contribution to CO2 emissions reduction
Summary
Avoiding dangerous climate change is an increasingly formidable challenge. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is recognized as an important option for mitigating climate change. Development, and demonstration for CCS are ongoing in developed countries, and in at least 19 developing countries. It has been indicated that CCS has advantages over other CO2 mitigation options in terms of CO2 emissions reduction potential and cost-effectiveness (e.g., [1,2]), there are still major hurdles to widespread deployment of CCS. It must be proven that CO2 can be permanently and safely stored underground. Public acceptance of storing CO2 underground must be gained
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