Abstract
Many inquiries of cognitive linguistics represented that conceptual metaphors have played a substantial role in the conceptual system of human. Metaphors are frequently grounded in culture and can thus answer as a beneficent source for the consideration of cultural ideas alluded in language. The present study attended the distribution of death and life conceptual metaphors in Forough Farrokhzad’s Persian poetry book and their metaphoric frequency in the users’ ideas, opinions, and thoughts. By studying Forough Farrokhzad’s Persian poetry book as one of the well-known literary books, rich of, death and life metaphorical expressions, a corpus of 33 death and life conceptual metaphors has been selected and analyzed. Two rators who were Persian Literature teachers were interviewed to prepare us by investigating the accuracy of the conceptions of death and life metaphors within the poems and giving their comments. Furthermore, as a research method, a focus group was employed by Persian Literature teachers to present their opinions about the positive and negative connotations of the included death and life metaphors in the pertinent book. Findings proposed that death and life metaphors are not equally distributed in this book, are used with multiple conceptions and stood for either positive or negative connotations. Likewise, it was detected that death and life metaphoric expressions mostly show positive attitudes, but some of these metaphors break the available rule, connoting negative attitudes only.
Highlights
According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980) metaphorical language has been an essential segment of human life, containing language, intention, and function [1]
It aimed to analyze the poems by regarding death and life metaphorical expressions, to examine the distribution of death and life conceptual metaphors among Persian poems by a contemporary Persian poet, to investigate the poet's conceptions related to death and life metaphorical expressions, and to discover whether they implicate positive or negative perceptions to the language users
The number of death and life metaphorical expressions which noted in Forough Farrokhzad’s Persian poetry book was 33. 13 conceptual metaphors belonged to death with 39.39 percentage and 20 metaphorical expressions devoted to life with 60.61 percentage
Summary
According to Lakoff and Johnson (1980) metaphorical language has been an essential segment of human life, containing language, intention, and function [1]. Deignan (2010) has stated that metaphor is defined as realizing one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain and on the basis of cognitive approach, metaphor could be any kind of concepts and statement of an abstract segment [6]. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) has suggested that a metaphor is a connection between “source domain” which is usually concrete, containing essences, features, proceedings and relations that are instantly and physically experimented and “target domain” which has meant to be abstract and obtains its structure from the source domain via metaphorical connection
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