A controlled, mirror-image study of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

Abstract

Second-generation antipsychotics are now treatments of choice in many countries. In this study, we aimed to compare hospital stay and admissions to hospital in patients switching from first-generation (conventional) to second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics with patients switching from one first-generation drug to another. This was a retrospective, 6-year, controlled mirror-image study conducted in an acute general psychiatry services in an inner-city area. Subjects were consisted of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving continuous prescription of antipsychotics over at least a 6-year period between 1994 and 2002. The main outcome measures were number of days spent in hospital and number of admissions to hospital. In 36 patients switched from first to second-generation antipsychotics, total number of days spent in hospital increased, from a mean of 90 days in the 3 years before switching, to a mean of 200 days in the 3 years after (P<0.001). Mean number of admissions did not change significantly (1.61 before vs. 1.44 after, P=0.360). In 36 matched control patients, switching between first-generation antipsychotic drugs, mean number of days in hospital fell from 64 to 50 (P=0.189) and number of admissions was virtually unchanged (1.42 before vs. 1.03 after, P=0.202). Mean days in hospital were significantly increased in the second-generation antipsychotic group compared with the first-generation antipsychotic (control) group (P<0.001). Switching from first to second-generation antipsychotics resulted in an important increase in number of days spent in hospital. Switching from one first-generation antipsychotic drug to another did not significantly affect number of days in hospital.