A Computational Study of Xinghun Marriage Between Young Gay People in China Based on Dating Profiles

This study examined the relation between dimensions of sex role self schema (assessed by four factor scores of the Bem Sex Role Inventory: Instrumentality, Expressiveness, Autonomy, and Masculinity-Femininity) and psychological adjustment (assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90-R) in 366 homosexuals (230 males and 136 females) and 241 heterosexuals (124 males and 117 females). All subjects were in a cohabitating relationship. Homosexuals and heterosexuals did not differ in psychological adjustment, but men were found to be more distressed by paranoid symptoms than women. Dimensions of sex role self schema varied by an interaction between gender and sexual orientation. Gender differences on Instrumentality, Expressiveness, and Masculinity-Femininity were more pronounced for heterosexuals than for homosexuals. Further, homosexual women were more Instrumental than heterosexual women, while homosexual and heterosexual men were equivalent; homosexual men were more Expressive than heterosexual men, while homosexual and heterosexual women were equivalent; and the discrepancy between homosexual and heterosexual women's Masculinity-Femininity score was greater than that between homosexual and heterosexual men. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that only education and the Autonomy dimension of sex role self scheme were the best nonredundant predictors of psychological adjustment, although the relations were weak. Findings are discussed in terms of current theory and research on sex role self schemas.

We examined data from a large cohort of homosexual and heterosexual females and males concerning their siblings' sexual orientations. As in previous studies, both male and female homosexuality were familial. Homosexual females had an excess of homosexual brothers compared to heterosexual subjects, thus providing evidence that similar familial factors influence both male and female homosexuality. Furthermore, despite the large sample size, homosexual females and males did not differ significantly from each other in their proportions of either homosexual sisters or homosexual brothers. Thus, results were most consistent with the possibility that similar familial factors influence male and female sexual orientation. However, because results conflicted with those of some other studies, and because siblings' sexual orientations were obtained in a manner likely to yield more errors than in these other, smaller studies, further work is needed using large samples and more careful methods before the degree of cofamiliality of male and female homosexuality can be resolved definitively. We also examined whether some parental influences comprised shared environmental effects on sexual orientation. Scales attempting to measure such influences failed to distinguish subjects with homosexual siblings from subjects with only heterosexual siblings and, thus, did not appear to measure shared environmental determinants of sexual orientation.

Historical topic modeling and semantic concepts exploration in a large corpus of unstructured text remains a hard, opened problem. Despite advancements in natural languages processing tools, statistical linguistics models, graph theory and visualization, there is no framework that combines these piece-wise tools under one roof. We designed and constructed a Semantic Network Analysis Pipeline (SNAP) that is available as an open-source web-service that implements work-flow needed by a data scientist to explore historical semantic concepts in a text corpus. We define a graph theoretic notion of a semantic concept as a flow of closely related tokens through the corpus of text. The modular work-flow pipeline processes text using natural language processing tools, statistical content narrowing, creates semantic networks from lexical token chaining, performs social network analysis of token networks and creates a 3D visualization of the semantic concept flows through corpus for interactive concept exploration. Finally, we illustrate the framework’s utility to extract the information from a text corpus of Herman Melville’s novel Moby Dick, the transcript of the 2015–2016 United States (U.S.) Senate Hearings on Environment and Public Works, and the Australian Broadcast Corporation’s short news articles on rural and science topics.

Duration: April 2000 - September 2000 In Britain there has been little or no recognition that same-sex domestic violence even exists. Initiatives to address domestic violence either ignore the possibility of same sex domestic violence or specifically exclude it. This research demonstrates that same-sex domestic violence not only exists but has been experienced by 22% of Lesbian and Bisexual women and 29% of Gay and Bisexual men. This small piece of research was commissioned by a television production company which was intending to make a documentary about Lesbians' and Gay men's experience of domestic violence. This data was not released until March 2003 as it was commissioned on the understanding that no data would be published until the television programme had been made and broadcast. This has not happened in the 30 months since this data was collected. Six identical questions about the topic of same-sex domestic violence were embedded within two sexual behaviour surveys undertaken in the Summer of 2000. The women's sample was recruited using a short self-completion questionnaire (two-sides of A4) to recruit a total of 1,911 women from Lesbian and Gay pride-type festivals in London (n=1,179), Brighton (n=455) and Leeds (n=429). Women were approached by recruiters and invited to complete the survey on the spot using a clipboard with pen attached. The inclusion criteria for women were that they were 16 years or older and resident in the UK and either: homosexually active in last twelve months, and / or Lesbian, Gay or Bisexual self-identified. Other results of this survey are available under the heading Lesbian & Bisexual Women's Sex Survey. The male sample was recruited using a different method. Questions were added into the 2000 National Gay Men's Sex Survey, a community recruited survey done by Gay men's organisations and health promoters using a small (A6) booklet. It contained exactly the same six questions about having experienced domestic violence from a regular male partner. The booklet was designed to be sealed once complete and mailed to a Freepost address. It was distributed by health promoters who work with Gay men, Bisexual men or other men who have sex with men. In total, 27,000 leaflets were sent out to 61 different agencies who distributed it through community venues and in the course of their work. The inclusion criteria for the men were that they were resident in England or Wales and homosexually active in the last year. Overall, 1,485 booklets were returned which resulted in 1,391 men in this sample. Other details and results of this survey are available under the heading Vital Statistics - Gay Men's Sex Survey.

Lives of Lesbians and Gay Men in England and the United States Allan Bérbubé. Coming Out Under Fire, The History of Gay Men and Women in World War Two (New York: The Free Press, 1990). Hall Carpenter Archives, Gay Men's Oral History Group. Walking After Midnight, Gay Men's Life Stories (London and New York: Routledge, 1989). Hall Carpenter Archives, Lesbian Oral History Group. Inventing Ourselves , Lesbian Life Stories (London and New York: Routledge, 1989). H. F. McMains As gay studies begin to flourish, the sodal history of gay women and men seems confined by the lack of traditional sources. Lesbians and gay men have not generally left documents which aUow historians to examine their experiences. Historical research in the wie es eigentlich gewesen tradition has been difficult to pursue. Literary topics are more accessible, and gay studies have tended to develop from such academic departments as English and phUosophy. Theory often predominates, and there is energetic debate between proponents of biological-essentiatist and social-constructivist models. Studies of historical attitudes—ranging from John BosweU to B. R. Burg—depend on a titerary record created by enemies and persecutors. It is, therefore, interesting that aU three of these books— two oral histories, from the Hall Carpenter Archives (London) and a monograph by AUan Bérubé—come from outside the current academic debate over theory. The HaU Carpenter Archives functioned in London during the mid1980s . Its Oral History Projed's purpose was to coUect statements "of a cross-range of ordinary lesbians and gay men ... to emphasize the Ufe stories of older people and people who have been marginalized within the historical accounts so far: people with disabilities, working-class people, and people from ethnic or cultural minority backgrounds." Volunteers conduded about sixty interviews, and half have been edited into these two volumes. The two coUections include several interesting tife stories. The most successful interviews are with older subjects who remember World War II. Perhaps age has made them confident and aware of the world beyond themselves. Myrtle Solomon mentions in passing that she drove a mobüe canteen in London and worked in a fadory during the war but says more © 1991 Journal of Women's History, Vol 2 No. 3 (Winter) 140 Journal of Women's History Winter about her pacifist involvements afterward. Dudley Cave was a prisoner of war in the Pacific. And Frank Oliver was with the Entertainments National Service Assodation but had no political interests (aU he says is that "We had 'Winnie/ who fortunately brought us through to victory"). There are minor tidbits of information but no evocative memories of gay women and men in a particular time and place. And, regrettably, interviewers seem not to have probed their subjects' experiences. Interviews with younger subjects predominate. Many interviewees dedare their working-class origins, but the editors do not make a case for representing a larger group of persons at history's margins. AU subjects resided in Greater London and may have been connected to the Archives project. Persons not born in London migrated there at a young age and are not, therefore, a cross-section of gay Britons. About one-third were Commonwealth born, but interviewers did not explore this significant migration that is remaking English urban society. As a group, younger subjects are self-absorbed. The late artist David Ruffell did refer to American cultural influences, as do a few other subjects at lesser length. Younger subjeds are less willing to accept restrictions, and they often join gay-activist groups; they give no indication of seeking political position. Individual life stories are interesting, but there are problems with the ensemble. These books have a working-class bias that itself ignores other gay women and men, and the editors faü to define "ordinary." The emphasis seems to be on gay working-class persons who happen to be ordinary rather than on ordinary Britons who happen to be gay. English history and literature have excluded aU gay Britons, except for some royal tittle-tattle and the novels of Tobias SmoUett, for example. It is, thus, unclear how these interviews with ordinary Londoners of the 1980s are to supply the deficiency in "the historical accounts...

Riek Stienstra

How Parental Feeding Practices Relate to Young People's Intuitive Eating: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations by Gender and Weight Concern

101 Background Few risk factors have been identified for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) by histologic type in HIV+ or HIV− men and women. Histologic type was examined in a case-control study of these subjects in the San Francisco Bay Area. Methods In-person interviews with questions related to lifestyle and medical history were completed by more than 4000 population-based subjects who were HIV+ and HIV− homosexual and heterosexual men and women with NHL, each with their respective control group. Blood was drawn to determine HIV and HTLV status, CD4, CD8, CD20, and WBC values. Pathology materials were reviewed and were classified according to the Working Formulation. Results Over all histologic categories when comparing homosexual groups, HIV infection was associated with a 20-fold increased risk for NHL (CI=14-31). The most common type of NHL among HIV+ homosexual men was large-cell lymphoma (80%), followed by the Burkitt's group (19%). In contrast, large cell NHL occurred in 52% of HIV− homosexual men, 58% of heterosexual men and 59% of women. HIV− homosexual and heterosexual men and women all had similar proportions by histologic category except for the Burkitt's group. Unexpected was the 11% of HIV− homosexual men with NHL who were categorized with Burkitt's, while <3% of HIV− heterosexual men and 1% of HIV− women were in this group. Reduced risks for NHL associated with allergies to plants were similar for HIV− homosexual men (OR=.56 CI=.16-2.0) and for heterosexual men (OR=.53 CI=.36-.78) and women (OR=.53 CI=.35-.78). Allergies to plants also conveyed reduced risk for Burkitt's but ORs were variable across patient groups (OR=.18 CI=.05-.64 for HIV+ homosexual men to OR=.76 CI=.09-6.5 for women). Increased risk for Burkitt's was observed among HIV− homosexual men who ever had genital warts (OR=2.4), genital herpes (OR=5.6) or syphilis (OR=4.3) although all associations could have been due to chance. No similar increased risks for Burkitt's were observed among HIV+ homosexual men. Among HIV+ homosexual men rimming was associated with similar reduced risks for large cell (OR=.62 CI=.37-1.1) and Burkitt's (OR=.61 CI=.28-1.2) whereas among HIV− homosexual men the risk was decreased for large cell (OR=.29 CI=.11-.79) but elevated for Burkitt's (OR=1.9 CI=.19-18). Decreased risks associated with increased number of sexual partners for HIV+ (<200 vs. ≥200 partners) or HIV− (<40 vs. ≥40 partners) homosexual men were no longer observed by subtype but remained decreased among heterosexual men and women for both NHL subtypes. Conclusion These results provide continued support for the role of allergic reactions in B-cell differentiation and indicate that risk factors may differ by NHL subtype. The increased risk for Burkitt's associated with STDs may be related to lifestyle factors not measured or to an associated viral or bacterial infection. As the number of subjects by subgroups often was small, data need to be pooled across studies to obtain adequate sample size to define associations between risk factors and NHL subtypes. These data may provide insight into an antigen driven process early in lymphomagenesis.

Narratives of demographic shifts overlook how societal changes shape the family trajectories of sexual minorities. Using sequence analysis, we describe how partnering and parenthood evolve over the life course of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women and men in the United Kingdom (N = 455) and how the types of these family trajectories changed across two birth cohorts (born before 1965 and in 1965–1979). We find five distinct trajectories between ages 18 and 40, wherein two thirds of the sample belonged to a family trajectory that did not involve living with children. Partnership-centered trajectories became more common across cohorts, and this increase came at the expense of trajectories characterized by singlehood among gay men and lesbian women. However, parenthood trajectories became less common among all LGB groups. Furthermore, family trajectories became more complex across cohorts, including more transitions, which coincides with trends in the general population. Yet we also find that family trajectories became less diverse among lesbian women and bisexual men, in contrast to the trend among gay men and the general population. The results demonstrate the dynamic, complex, and diverse nature of LGB individuals' family lives and why existing narratives of family-related demographic change should explicitly consider sexual minorities in demographic narratives.

In recent years, sociocultural shifts in the U.S. have cast a positive light on the LGBTQ community, presumably providing benefits to sexual and gender minorities. Using a sample of single lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women (N= 924) collected from a 2016 survey in the U.S., we assess bisexual people’s attitudes about the “LGBTQ community”, as well as how others in the community – gay men and lesbian women – view bisexuals. We also examine contexts in which bisexual people feel they are unable to share their sexual identities. Descriptive analyses revealed that while many bisexual people feel they need to hide their sexual identity in most contexts, the majority of bisexual men and women feel “mostly” to “near total acceptance” in the LGBTQ community. Thus, while bisexual people do experience stigma-related stress, findings suggest a promising shift for bisexual people’s lives in terms of drawing resources and support from the larger LGBTQ community.

Men were followed prospectively to identify demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with HIV seroconversion. Thirty-six HIV cases were identified (HIV incidence 1.9/100 person-years). Unprotected receptive anal sex with HIV-positive partners and with casual partners regardless of serostatus was associated with seroconversion. Having ever been in prison or in a psychiatric ward were predictive of seroconversion. HIV prevention efforts should address issues related to mental and social stability and serodiscordant relationships to reduce the risk of seroconversion.

Does the prevalence and degree of body dissatisfaction differ among heterosexual and homosexual men and women? Some theorists have suggested that, compared to their heterosexual peers, gay men are at greater risk for body dissatisfaction and lesbians at lower risk. Past studies examining this issue have generally relied on small samples recruited from gay or lesbian groups. Further, these studies have sometimes produced conflicting results, particularly for comparisons of lesbian and heterosexual women. In the present research, we compared body satisfaction and comfort with one's body during sexual activity among lesbian women, gay men, heterosexual women, and heterosexual men through two large online studies (Ns = 2,512 and 54,865). Compared to all other groups, heterosexual men reported more positive evaluations of their appearance, less preoccupation with their weight, more positive effects of their body image on their quality of life and the quality of their sex life, more comfort wearing a swimsuit in public, and greater willingness to reveal aspects of their body to their partner during sexual activity. Few significant differences were found among gay men, lesbian women, and heterosexual women. Many gay men (42%) reported that their feelings about their body had negative effects on the quality of their sex life, as did some lesbian women (27%), heterosexual women (30%), and heterosexual men (22%). Overall, the findings supported the hypothesis that gay men are at greater risk than heterosexual men for experiencing body dissatisfaction. There was little evidence that lesbian women experience greater body satisfaction than heterosexual women.

The bisexual community may face unique barriers to health care that affect mental health outcomes; however, previous research has not specifically compared bisexual and gay men and women on these factors. This study explored differences between bisexual and gay men and women in barriers to care and psychological distress among a sample of 2,500 bisexual and gay men and women recruited online. Bisexual men and women were more likely to report barriers to care ranging from limited availability of providers to less comfort discussing their sexual orientation with their provider. Differences in specific mental health outcomes centered on sexual orientation, but not gender. Bisexual women reported the highest levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, and bisexual men reported higher levels of anxiety than gay men and gay women. Findings suggest that the sociocultural pressures affecting barriers to care and psychological distress may be disproportionately affecting bisexual individuals, even more so than previously documented sociocultural pressures related to gender.

Is sexual orientation associated with structural differences in the brain? To address this question, 80 homosexual and heterosexual men and women (16 homosexual men and 15 homosexual women) underwent structural MRI. We used voxel-based morphometry to test for differences in grey matter concentration associated with gender and sexual orientation. Compared with heterosexual women, homosexual women displayed less grey matter bilaterally in the temporo-basal cortex, ventral cerebellum, and left ventral premotor cortex. The relative decrease in grey matter was most prominent in the left perirhinal cortex. The left perirhinal area also showed less grey matter in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women. Thus, in homosexual women, the perirhinal cortex grey matter displayed a more male-like structural pattern. This is in accordance with previous research that revealed signs of sex-atypical prenatal androgenization in homosexual women, but not in homosexual men. The relevance of the perirhinal area for high order multimodal (olfactory and visual) object, social, and sexual processing is discussed.

The Geneva gay men's health project : a community-research collaboration to assess and improve the health of gay men in Geneva, Switzerland