A comprehensive review on Alangium Salvifolium: a phyto-pharmacological update

Anti-inflammatory activity of Crinum asiaticum plant and its effect on bradykinin-induced contractions on isolated uterus

Objective: To evaluate the anti- inflammatory effects of Morphine and Gabapentin alone and as adjuvant with diclofenac by using formalin induced paw edema model. Methods: After acclimatization of one week, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control and treatment (n=6). Treatment group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg), gabapentin (150 mg/kg), morphine (15 mg/kg), gabapentin (150 mg/kg) + diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and morphine (15 mg/kg) + diclofenac (10 mg/kg), respectively. Paw edema was produced by injecting 0.2ml of 2% formalin subcutaneously on the dorsal surface of right hind paw. Animals received drug treatment 30 minutes before injection of formalin and paw volume was measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after formalin challenge with help of mercury plethysmometer. Results: Both morphine and gabapentin alone and in combination with diclofenac caused a significant reduction (p< 0.01) in rat paw edema when compared to group given saline only. Reduction in paw edema with gabapentin and diclofenac was significantly superior when compared with either drug alone. Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin and diclofenac showed synergistic anti-inflammatory effect as compared to either drug alone or combination of morphine + diclofenac groups.

Aim: To evaluate the Shophahara (anti-inflammatory) efficacy of Chukkuchundadi Kashaya through an experimental study. Method: A pharmaceutical study was conducted to prepare Chukkuchundadi Kashaya in college pharmacy following standard operating procedure. The experimental evaluation was carried out using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the formulation. The reduction in paw oedema was measured and statistically analyzed. Results: The experimental study showed reduction in paw oedema with increase in Jarana shakti (time taken for ahara pachana) and Abhyavarana shakti (matra and frequency of ahara in relation to appetite) in the group treated with Chukkuchundadi Kashaya without any side effects when compared to standard and control group. The findings indicate that the formulation possesses appreciable anti-inflammatory activity. Discussion: Chukkuchundadi Kashaya is formulated based on classical Ayurvedic principles and contains drugs with Kaphavatahara, Amapachana, and Shothaghna properties. The observed anti-inflammatory effect may be attributed to the combined and synergistic action of its ingredients, which helps in improving Agnidipana, facilitating Vatanulomana and promoting Strotoshodhana. These actions collectively help in breaking the Samprapti of Shopha. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Chukkuchundadi Kashaya exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental model. The results support its potential utility as an effective Ayurvedic formulation for the management of inflammatory conditions associated with Shopha.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Urochloa distachya, alongside in silico molecular docking analysis. Methods: The phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques to identify bioactive compounds. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, where the reduction in paw edema was measured to evaluate efficacy. In addition, in silico molecular docking studies were conducted to determine the binding affinity of identified compounds with key inflammatory targets, including cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, phosphodiesterase 4, and human peroxiredoxin 5, to explore their potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Results: The GC-MS and LC-MS analyses of chloroform extract of U. distachya (CUD) and ethyl acetate extracts of U. distachya identified phytoconstituents with notable anti-inflammatory potential. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the CUD demonstrated a significant reduction in paw edema in rats. In silico molecular docking revealed that key compounds, including Holothurin acetate, 7,8-Epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy-, and 7,8,12-Tri-O-acetyl-3-desoxy-ingol-3-one, exhibited strong binding affinities with inflammatory targets, ranging from −8.6 to −15.3 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The chloroform extract of CUD exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, supported by both in vivo and in silico analyses. The identified phytoconstituents demonstrate strong binding affinities with key inflammatory targets.

The main aim of this work is to find out novel chemical moieties with potent anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant activities with reduced gastric toxicities. For fulfilling the above aim, here we investigated novel chalcones (1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives) with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) donating potency for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. These molecules then further evaluated for in-vitro NO-releasing potency and vasorelaxation effect on isolated adult goat aortic tissue. The promising molecules were further screened for ulcerogenic activity in the rat model. The tested compounds produced % inhibition in paw oedema ranging from 29.16% to 79.69% and standard drug Diclofenac sodium produced 85.30% reduction in paw oedema after 5hours. Out of this dataset, compounds AI1, AI7, Ca1, B2, B10, D2, and E8 showed 73.01%, 79.69%, 75.02%, 75.46%, 74.35%, 73.9% and 74.35% reduction in paw oedema respectively, which is approximately 80%-90% to that of standard Diclofenac sodium. The compound Ca1 was found to release 0.870±0.025mol/mol of NO and standard Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was found to release 0.983±0.063mol/mol of NO. The compound Ca1 produced 950.2μmol/L of EC50 whereas standard GTN produced 975.8μmol/L of EC50 for aortic smooth relaxation. The compounds Ca1 produced 0.1117 of ulcer index which is far less than that of standard Diclofenac sodium (1.148). The potent lead molecules were further evaluated to understand the mechanism of vasorelaxation by using specific antagonists or blockers of NO and H2 S.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Mimosa acutistipula (Mart.) Benth

Therapeutic potential of sulfated glycosaminoglycan from seafood Asian green mussel (Perna viridis): Insights from an in vivo study

Effect of zinc on the anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of indometacin and diclofenac.

Introduction: The drugs possessing Vataghna property are much indicated in classics for managing Shotha and Vedana. Cost-effective, widely available, and potent drugs should be encouraged over costly ones. The present study was undertaken based on this, focusing on the bulb of Allium cepa Linn. &amp; Allium ascalonicum Linn. to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities employing carrageenan induced paw oedema in wistar albino rats and hotplate tests in mice, respectively. Materials and Methods: Fresh juice of Allium cepa Linn. and Allium ascaloncum Linn. was given to rats and mice orally to observe anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, and observed for a day. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in wistar albino rats. Analgesic activity was evaluated using Hot plate method in mice. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, Group A as control was given distilled water and; Group B with standard drug, Paracetamol suspension, Group T 1 as test drug 1 with Swarasa of Allium cepa Linn; and Group T 2 as test drug II with Swarasa of Allium ascalonicum Linn. as per the calculated doses respectively. Results: Animals treated with the test drugs showed a significant reduction in paw oedema and had analgesic effects compared to the control group. The result obtained was also assessed by a one-way-ANOVA test. Discussion: The experiment concludes that both the test drugs have anti-inflammatory and analgesic capabilities. However, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect was seen better in Allium ascalonicum Linn. than Allium cepa Linn. No adverse effects were noted in the study.

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Millettia peguensis leaves. Leaf extracts of Millettia peguensis were prepared using chloroform, methanol, and aqueous. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats by measuring paw thickness over time. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify bioactive compounds present in the extracts. All extracts showed a reduction in paw edema compared to the control group. The aqueous extract demonstrated a significant reduction by the third hour post-injection, while methanol and chloroform extracts exhibited significant inhibition by the fourth hour, although their efficacy was lower than the indomethacin-treated positive control group. By the fifth hour, the aqueous and methanol extracts achieved results comparable to indomethacin. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than chloroform extract, highlighting the role of polar compounds. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, with phenolics likely contributing to the observed bioactivities. The findings suggest that Millettia peguensis leaf extracts, particularly the aqueous and methanol extracts, possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The study emphasizes the importance of solvent choice in extracting bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.

Background: Chronic non communicable diseases were interlinked with inflammation and infections should response to starting core of major diseases in both acute and chronic conditions. In drug discovery, development of a drug which acts as anti-infective agents (anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory) must be ideal and challenging for management of many chronic diseases. Objective: In this study, six lead pyrazoline hybrids were synthesized by cyclization of chalcones and characterized by various spectroscopic and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity by computational tools and biological evaluation. Methods: Synthesized pyrazoline analogues were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for prediction of pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties and Molecular docking studies of various targeted enzymes on microbial and inflammatory mediators. Those compounds were screened by anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities by several in-vitro and in-vivo methods. Results: The synthesized compounds (A1-A6) were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in which compound A2 produced effective percentage inhibition (45.8 %) potent activity compared with that of standard indomethacin (49.7 %) in carrageenan paw edema method were observed. The anti-microbial activity was screened on synthesized compounds, among which A3 [2-(1,3-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) phenol, A2 [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole] produced potential percentage zone of inhibition between 80 - 70 % for bacterial strains and 94 - 89 % for fungal strains were observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of those compounds were 1.56 to 6.25 µg/ml for bacterial strains and 1.56 to 12.5 µg/ml for fungal strains were noted compared with the standard gatifloxacin and clotrimazole, respectively. The molecular docking, pharmacokinetics and toxicity predictions on those compounds were supported further for the development of potent anti-infective agents. Conclusion: The hypothesis of this research was correlated with the results of anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. The binding interactions of respective enzymes were coincided with reduction of paw edema in anti-inflammatory model and zone of inhibition in anti-microbial activity were observed.

Exploring the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing potential of Baccaurea motleyana fruit: Preliminary insights from GC-MS metabolomic profiling, molecular docking, and ADMET studies.

Objectives : To investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Delonix elata (D.elata ) leaf, by carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models, along with the antioxidant potential underpinning its role as traditional medicine for joint disorders. Materials and methods : Methanol extract and its, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble daughter fractions were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Rats were divided into seven groups (n=6), including control and standard. Oral doses of methanol extract (100, 200 and 300mg/kg) and its daughter fractions (300mg/kg) were given to animals after carrageenan challenge. The best performing methanol extract was forwarded for cotton-pellet induced granuloma model. The same was also subjected to antioxidant assays like DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Moreover, isolation and HPTLC quantification of a marker compound was also attended from methanol extract derived ethyl acetate fraction. Results : In comparison to control, methanol extract of D. elata leaf at 300 mg/kg showed significant reduction in area under curve of rat paw edema in the later phases of inflammation (45.83%), which was comparable to that of standard (valdecoxib, 33.525%). The extract was also effective in producing 28.125% inhibition of granuloma formation which was comparable to that of standard (23.88%). Apart from nitric oxide scavenging assay (IC 50 157.08I¼g/ml), the activity of methanol extract in other assays were not as significant as the respective standard drugs. Of the ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fractions evaluated, both showed marginal reduction in paw edema. From the ethyl acetate fraction, luteolin was isolated as a marker compound and quantified by HPTLC. Conclusion : Methanol extract of D. elata leaf was found to be active in the last phase of paw edema at 300 mg/kg, compared to other doses and fractions. At the same dose it was found to have potent antioxidant capacity, which may play its role in reducing inflammation. The claims regarding anti-inflammatory activity of D. elata leaf can be considered valid as explicated by its methanol extract.

Exploring the antiarthritic potential of Caralluma fimbriata: Phytochemical screening and preliminary observations in a rat model.

Inflammation is a physiological condition that when unattended causes serious health concerns over the long term. Several phytocompounds have emerged as promising sources of anti-inflammatory agents. Thottea siliquosa is a traditional medicine for inflammatory and toxicity insults; however, this has not been scientifically confirmed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of T. siliquosa methanol leaf extract in a mouse model. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory activities of a plant extract obtained from leaves of T. siliquosa (TSE) with a focus on carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw oedema in mice. The extract’s efficacy was assessed using well-established inflammation models, and the results showed a considerable reduction in paw edema in both cases. In the case of carrageenan model TSE at 50 mg/kg showed a 53.0 ± 2.5% reduction in edema, while those treated with TSM at 100 mg/kg exhibited a 60.0 ± 1.8% reduction (p &lt; 0.01). In the case of a formalin model when a higher dose of TSE (100 mg/kg) was given, paw thickness decreased by 47.04 ± 1.9% on the fifth day and by 64.72 ± 2.2% on the tenth day. LC-MS analysis reported the presence of gallic acid, quinic acid, quercetin, clitorin, myricitrin, retronecine, batatasin II, gingerol, and coumaric acid in the extract. Overall, this study confirms that T. siliquosa extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects in animals and is possibly mediated through the combined effects of these phytochemicals.