A comprehensive review of usefulness of sodium butyrate for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.

After a new look at the history of the Marchioness del Valles conspiracy as part of the tensions that queen Margaret and her ladies caused at the Court of Philip III, the essay stresses the doubts, questions poned and interest that these circumstances aroused in the Spanish political and popular media in the early 17th century. Special attention is given to the information media which prepared and passed on these facts: rumours and oral narrations, announcements, historical and literary texts, relations of ambassadors, all in the framework of a budding public opinion structure.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical

Systematic review on failure to adhere to IBD therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Correct information is crucial

Reply to comment: Screening for active COVID-19 infection prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients: primum non nŏcēre

Corticosteroid Therapy in the Age of Infliximab: Acute and 1-Year Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Children With Crohn’s Disease

The current edition of Viszeralmedizin addresses the topic of inflammatory bowel diseases with a special focus on the clinical management of these disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases comprise Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are characterized by episodes of abdominal cramping, pain, and chronic diarrhea. The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases seems to increase in Western countries, and physicians are frequently challenged by the clinical complications of chronic intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Such complications include the presence of strictures, stenoses, abscess formation, fistulas, and the development of colitis-associated neoplasias and cancer. It is therefore not surprising that inflammatory bowel diseases place a significant burden on the health care systems and are associated with augmented morbidity and health care costs. Finally, these diseases may cause a marked impairment of the quality of life in affected patients. The early detection and optimized therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases are of utmost importance for the prevention of complications of the disease. These topics are addressed by the invited articles and the interdisciplinary discussion in this issue of Viszeralmedizin. However, many patients still require surgery for the treatment of complications of these disorders. Surgery has to follow certain principles in order to be successful: In Crohn's disease, operative treatment should be performed in a gut-sparing technique and only in the case of complications. In ulcerative colitis, pouch surgery is the major challenge, especially if complications occur. By special expertise, control can be achieved in most cases, thus providing a normal quality of life postoperatively. The clinical decision making at the crossroad between internal medicine and surgery is still the subject of an ongoing intense and partially controversial interdisciplinary debate, and this topic is reflected by the interdisciplinary team of authors as well as by the interdisciplinary discussion in this special issue. Many improvements in the medical therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases have been accomplished in recent years. Starting with the era of anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agents, additional immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory biological agents blocking proinflammatory cytokines and signaling or adhesion molecules have been developed and tested for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases in the context of randomized controlled clinical trials. As highlighted in this issue of Viszeralmedizin, this has led to changes in many of our guidelines for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Moreover, new surgical techniques have been developed in order to optimize patient care in those affected by inflammatory bowel diseases. It was therefore the vision of the editors to dedicate this issue to an update on the current medical and surgical management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Key gastroenterological and surgical topics are covered by renowned international experts. We hope to provide a stimulating special issue by covering key clinical aspects of this fascinating field.

Beyond Gene Discovery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Emerging Role of Epigenetics

Rate of Adverse Events and Associated Health Care Costs for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Germany

Background and Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) broadly classified as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are progressive chronic intestinal disorders commonly diagnosed in the pediatric age group. Studies report 10–25% of IBD is diagnosed before 16 years of age. IBD in children is more aggressive, with more widespread involvement of ileum and colon and a higher disease burden compared to adult-onset IBD, despite greater immune-suppression use. While the immediate purpose of therapy in IBD is controlling symptoms and restoring good quality of life, long-term goals are preventing complications such as nutritional failure, stricture, fistula, hospitalization and surgery. The best long-term goals are achievable with tight monitoring strategies aiming for healing of intestinal mucosa in addition to controlling symptoms, also known as deep-remission. There has been phenomenal progress in IBD therapies, especially newer biologic agents and oral small synthetic molecules. These newer generations of drugs are safer, less immunogenic and also capable of inducing deep healing. However, despite rapidly expanding treatment paradigms in the management of IBD, integrated care to optimize diet, nutrition, psychological well-being is a crucial long-term goal. The main purpose of this narrative review is to provide a contemporary overview of the IBD in children, with a focus on common pitfalls and progress in the modern management of pediatric IBD.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Elderly Patients: Expert Review

From the Contents List of principal contributors List of chairpersons Preface SECTION I: MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: 1st SESSION.- 1 State-of-the-Art Lecture: The multifactorial pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.- 2 CD1d: at the cusp of innate and adaptive immunity in regulating mucosal inflammation.- 3 Control of mucosal immune responses by transforming growth factor-beta.- 4 Immunoregulation: Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis.- 5 Role of Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel diseases.- 6 Animal models in inflammatory bowel disease.- 7 Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Russia.- SECTION II: MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: 2nd SESSION.- 8 State-of-the-Art Lecture: Genetics and genomics: implications for clinical practice.- 9 Genetic factors in the inflammatory bowel disease.- 10 Genotype-based classification of inflammatory bowel disease phenotype.- 11 Role of the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease.- SECTION III: MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: 1st SESSION.- 12 Histological evaluation of activity of the ulcerative colitis in its initial stage of development.- 13 Crohn's disease of the small intestine: versions of clinical picture and problems of differential diagnosis.- 14 Distal colitis as a special pattern of ulcerative colitis.- 15 Implications of dysplasia in the prevention of ulcerative colitis-associated colo.- 16 The chemopreventive effect of aminosalicylates.- 17 The role of antibiotics and probiotics in Crohn's disease.- SECTION IV: MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: 2nd SESSION.- 18 Indications for use of infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease.- 19 Therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: step-up or top-down.- 20 State of the Art Lecture: Emerging biologic therapies.- 21 Surgical treatment of complications of Crohn's disease.- 22 Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis.- Index

Background: Endoscopy is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the clinical care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Endoscopic therapy can be used for treatment of disease-related strictures, surveillance and resection of intraepithelial neoplasia, and treatment of fistulas or disease-related complications, and is currently being evaluated regarding its capacity in in vivo molecular imaging procedures. Methods: A literature search using Medline and Science Citation Index was performed in March 2015. All studies on endoscopic therapy in IBD published from 1980 to 2015 (March) were reviewed. Potential studies were initially screened by title and abstract. The terms ‘endoscopy IBD', ‘endoscopy therapy IBD', ‘dilatation IBD', ‘strictureplasty Crohn's disease', ‘endoscopy therapy fistula', ‘endoscopy toxic megacolon', ‘endoscopy dysplasia IBD', ‘endoscopy complications IBD', and ‘molecular imaging IBD' were used in the search. A total of 115 articles were studied to construct this review. Results: Dilatation is most useful in short anastomotic strictures, but can be also undertaken in colonic strictures. Strictures in ulcerative colitis are always suspicious for neoplasia and should be evaluated carefully. Lesions with intraepithelial neoplasia can be resected when complete removal can be assured. The finding of carcinoma or high-grade dysplasia in a random biopsy is an indication for colectomy. If intraepithelial neoplasia is present in random biopsy specimens, colectomy should similarly be recommended. Endoscopic therapy of Crohn's fistulas is a possible emerging technology. In vivo molecular imaging is currently being studied in IBD patients and offers promising therapeutic opportunities. Conclusion: Therapeutic endoscopy is indispensable in the management of IBD. It has to be carefully evaluated against alternative surgical options but often offers an effective therapeutic approach.

Future Therapeutic Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

The Role of Endoscopy in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in French Gastro Enterological Private Practice: A Study Based on a Sample of 1175 Patients

American Gastroenterological Association Consensus Development Conference on the Use of Biologics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, June 21–23, 2006