Abstract
The present study focuses on the assessment of the development perspectives of the new grape varieties that are resistant to fungal diseases and thus promote the reduction or the suppression of phytosanitary treatments. The study also discusses new grape varieties dealing with global warming. Our methods rely on direct surveys with researchers and stakeholders completed with a synthesis of the scientific literature and edited research programs. This approach proposes an explanatory and a comprehensive investigation. It includes an overview of the current state of the art of the supply of technology, the presentation of the strategies of the main actors and stakeholders involved in the innovation chain, a synthesis of the current scientific and technical controversies, and an analysis of the influence of the institutions and legislation. Furthermore, we provide an evaluation of the previous research program on new grape varieties of the French National Institute for Research in Agronomy (INRA) and of the outcome of the diffusion of new grape varieties implemented in the south of France. This analysis will allow us to discuss the conditions for the success of this innovation as a competitiveness factor.
Highlights
Innovation in grape varietals played an essential role in the history of viticulture
‘new wave’ of grape varieties whose resistance to fungal diseases would be ‘polygenic’. This scientific controversy creates uncertainty for public officers and a standby position criticized by those wishing for a faster diffusion of those innovations in the wine chain
Contemporary studies in economics and in strategic management focusing on evolutionary theories are organized around three main research streams [5]: the ecology of populations (I); the dynamics of resource-based view (RBV) (II); and the economics of innovation (III)
Summary
Innovation in grape varietals played an essential role in the history of viticulture. In France, the awareness of obtaining grape varieties resistant to fungal diseases emerged quite late, except in the case of the work of one research director from the INRA His investigation started the improvement of such varieties in the 1980s. Such researchers block or try to slow down the (market) availability of new resistant varieties They choose to wait for the registration at the French national catalog of a ‘new wave’ of grape varieties whose resistance to fungal diseases would be ‘polygenic’. This scientific controversy creates uncertainty for public officers and a standby position criticized by those wishing for a faster diffusion of those innovations in the wine chain. The assessment of such major technological innovation is based on the comprehension of past technological trajectories, the current state of the art of the supply of technology, the strategies of the stakeholders, including the leading institutions of the wine industry, the characteristics of the market, and the establishment of foundations for the qualitative definition of the resistant grape varieties
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