Abstract
In order to perform sensing tasks, most current Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely on expensive sensors, which offer only limited functionality. A more recent trend consists of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for such purpose, which reduces the required investment and enables the development of new collaborative and intelligent applications that further contribute to improve both driving safety and traffic efficiency. This paper surveys the application of WSNs to such ITS scenarios, tackling the main issues that may arise when developing these systems. The paper is divided into sections which address different matters including vehicle detection and classification as well as the selection of appropriate communication protocols, network architecture, topology and some important design parameters. In addition, in line with the multiplicity of different technologies that take part in ITS, it does not consider WSNs just as stand-alone systems, but also as key components of heterogeneous systems cooperating along with other technologies employed in vehicular scenarios.
Highlights
The two main concerns with the increasing number of vehicles on the roads are congestion and safety
It should be remarked that this protocol was not designed with mobility in mind, it is well suited for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) road deployments but it has several problems with mobile nodes related to association with 802.15.4 coordinators and synchronization [87], as a consequence its suitability for vehicle to roadside communication should be studied more in-depth
This paper presents a survey of application of WSNs to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Summary
The two main concerns with the increasing number of vehicles on the roads are congestion and safety. WSN-based application example in which a WSN is employed to detect wildlife on the road and interacts with VANET (or other related technology) equipped vehicles to enhance the driver’s and passengers’ safety and at the same time to avoid, for instance, endangered species fatalities This survey paper details the fundamental aspects of the design of WSNs for ITS, considering WSN independent applications, and their position in heterogeneous systems. There are other surveys covering the development of heterogeneous ITS systems such as the works presented by Hossain et al [8] and Lee et al [9], WSN contributions are not tackled in any of them The former focuses on the challenges of using multiple wireless technologies in a collaborative manner, providing the AHVN
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