Abstract
Currently, the most commonly used bioresorbable scaffold is made of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); it is hoped that scaffolds made of a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly-D/L-lactide (PDLLA) will be able to act as novel bioresorbable scaffolds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a HA/PDLLA scaffold compared to β-TCP, at a loading site. Dogs underwent surgery to replace a section of tibial bone with a bioresorbable scaffold. After the follow-up period, the scaffold was subjected to histological analysis. The HA/PDLLA scaffold showed similar bone formation and superior cell and tissue infiltration compared to the β-TCP scaffold, as seen after Villanueva Goldner staining. Moreover, silver staining and immunohistochemistry for Von Willebrand factor and cathepsin K demonstrated better cell infiltration in the HA/PDLLA scaffold. The fibrous tissue and cells that had infiltrated into the HA/PDLLA scaffold tested positive for collagen type I and RUNX2, respectively, indicating that the tissue and cells that had infiltrated into the HA/PDLLA scaffold had the potential to differentiate into bone. The HA/PDLLA scaffold is therefore likely to find clinical application as a new bioresorbable scaffold.
Highlights
In the field of veterinary orthopedics, bone transplantation has been generally applied for the large bone defect associated with the surgery for bone tumors, trauma, or infection
At the 9-month follow-up, the border between the scaffold and host bone was unclear in the HP group (Figure 3(k)), indicating the continuousness of the HA/PDLLA scaffold and host bone; in contrast, the borders of the site and host bone could still be clearly seen at 12 months (Figure 3(l))
The 12-month TCP group had a significantly lower Ca3(PO4)2 content compared to the 1- and 3-month TCP groups; the TCP groups demonstrated a significantly higher Ca3(PO4)2 content compared to the HP
Summary
In the field of veterinary orthopedics, bone transplantation has been generally applied for the large bone defect associated with the surgery for bone tumors, trauma, or infection. Allografts, demineralized bone matrix, and bioresorbable scaffolds. The development of an ideal bioresorbable scaffold has been an ongoing focus in orthopedic surgery. From the 1980s, researches for development of bioresorbable scaffolds which have osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and bioresorptive properties have advanced [1]. An artificial bone, constructed from calcium phosphate and bioresorbable polymers, has been developed and applied in the regeneration of bone and cartilage [2,3,4,5]
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