Abstract
Sixty-four roots of freshly extracted human maxillary first and second molars were divided into four groups and were instrumented as follows: group 1, Endosonic Air 3000 handpiece with Rispisonic files; group 2, Endosonic Air 3000 handpiece with Shaper files; group 3, Giromatic contra-angle with Rispi files; and group 4, hand instrumentation using K-Flex files. Each group had the same number of curved and straight canals. After instrumentation the roots were then sectioned longitudinally. A dissecting microscope was used to observe the degree of cleanliness in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. The results showed that for straight canals the Endosonic Air 3000 with Rispisonic files cleaned best in all three zones. For curved canals, the Endosonic Air 3000 with Shaper files cleaned best in the apical third. The Endosonic Air 3000 with either Rispisonic or Shaper files performed better than the other two instrumentation methods.
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