Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the change of accommodation and ocular discomfort according to the display size, using quantitative measurements of accommodation and ocular discomfort through subjective and objective metrics.MethodsForty six subjects without any ophthalmic disease history were asked to watch the documentary movie, using two different sizes of smart devices; smartphones and tablets. Before and after using devices, the near point accommodation (NPA) and the near point convergence (NPC) were measured, and objective accommodation was measured using an auto refractometer/keratometer. The subjective ocular discomfort was assessed through a survey.ResultsBoth devices showed a decrease in post-use NPA and NPC, and the change after use of the smartphone was significantly severe, 1.8 and 2.5 folds respectively, compared to tablet (p = 0.044, p = 0.033, respectively). Neither smartphone nor tablet showed significant changes in the accommodative response induced by dynamic accommodative stimulus of auto refractometer/keratometer (p = 0.240 and p = 0.199, respectively). Subjects showed a more severe increase in ocular discomfort after using smartphones (p = 0.035) and reported feeling tired even with shorter use times (p = 0.012).ConclusionsBoth devices showed significant decreases in NPA and NPC, and the larger changes were seen when using the small display smartphone. Even within 20minutes of using, subjects start to feel ocular discomfort, and it was more severe and faster after smartphones than tablets. Therefore, the smaller the display size, the greater the adverse impact on eyes, and thus, appropriate display size will need to be selected depending on the time and purpose of use.
Highlights
To evaluate the change of accommodation and ocular discomfort according to the display size, using quantitative measurements of accommodation and ocular discomfort through subjective and objective metrics
The proportion of smartphone use is increasing to the extent that 19.1% of smartphone users are classified as smartphone ‘addicts’, and mobile internet usage in the population aged over 60 years is increasing [2]
Participant selection and study design Participants were recruited on a volunteer basis using public notices. Only those who had no history of ocular disease except correctable refractive error and were able to use smart devices were included in this study
Summary
To evaluate the change of accommodation and ocular discomfort according to the display size, using quantitative measurements of accommodation and ocular discomfort through subjective and objective metrics. With the drastic changes in the information age, the use of smart devices has risen. Such devices are convenient and easy to operate, and they allow end-users to perform diverse tasks, ranging from searching the internet to watching videos and for instantaneous messaging. According to data released by Statistics Korea in 2018, 89.6% of people over 3 years old are smartphone users. Since 2013, the use of smart devices has exceeded that of desktop devices. The proportion of smartphone use is increasing to the extent that 19.1% of smartphone users are classified as smartphone ‘addicts’, and mobile internet usage in the population aged over 60 years is increasing [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
