Abstract
The phenomenon of liquefaction is one of the most important problems in engineering projects. It occurs in saturated sandy soils during the occurrence of earthquakes. Methods based on the standard penetration test (SPT) were developed to calculate the liquefaction potential according to the seismic loads. These methods have been developed and updated over time by some researchers. This paper analyses the comparison between methods of calculating liquefaction potential. The case study that was selected for the analysis of the comparison methods is Diyala Governorate soil. The methods that have been chosen for making a comparative analysis are the Japanese method, National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research 1997 (NCEER) workshop, Task Force Report 2007 (Vancouver) and Boulanger and Idriss 2014. The analysis of results stated that the Boulanger and Idriss method is considered more suitable than others for calculating the potential for liquefaction in Diyala Governorate soil. It is found that the Boulanger and Idriss method has higher safety factor than the two methods (80.7% from Vancouver and 38.8% from the NCEER workshop) and less than the Japanese method
Highlights
Soil liquefaction is one of the hazardous phenomena of earthquakes
After determining the values of factor with depth for selected 15 boreholes, we find the Boulanger and Idris method is suitable for determining variation of factor of safety with depth in Diyala Governorate soil and this is for the following reasons: 1. It is the newest method, which has been updated continuously
The four methods were calculated the safety factor factor of safety (FS), each one according to its own equations, this results in values for the safety factor that vary with the depth and as shown in the figure (4), after calculating 15 boreholes, the difference in the safety factor FS section is between the four methods almost the same in all, as described in the figure (4), which shows in the following points
Summary
Soil liquefaction is one of the hazardous phenomena of earthquakes This phenomenon occurs due to seismic tremors, which causes the pressure of the pore water to increase, causing the soil to lose its shear strength significantly. It leads to a failure in the surface of the earth, causing damage to buildings and loss of life. Where the potential for liquefaction of soil can be calculated using two methods:(1) a laboratory examination method for non-disturbed soil models, (2) method of using empirical relationships based on field tests. The used field tests in calculating the potential for soil liquefaction are (1) Standard penetration test
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