Abstract
Background. Given the need to identify reliable non-invasive solutions for core temperature ambulatory monitoring, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of zero-heat-flux (ZHF) temperature sensor on the forehead (TCOzhf) by comparing it with intestinal temperature (TCOpill) in different ambient and physiological conditions.Methods. Seven trained male subjects were followed during a 45-min rest period (STA) and a 25-min self-regulated cycling exercise performed in neutral (TMP, 22.8 °C) and hot (HOT, 38.5 °C) ambient temperature.Results.TCOzhf values differed from TCOpill of −0.23 ± 0.13 in STA, 0.15 ± 0.30 °C in TMP and 0.28±0.38 °C in HOT. The 95% limits of agreement showed an acceptable bias between TCOzhf and TCOpill in STA (±0.26 °C), but not in TMP and HOT (±0.60 and ±0.75 °C).Conclusion. The non-invasive ZHF sensor gave an accurate estimation of TCOpill in steady state but not during exercise. However, complementary results let suppose that ZHF performance is not affected by ambient conditions and could be a relevant alternative for deep body temperature measurement during whole-body heat stress.
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