Abstract

The Neolithic human skulls of this study date from about 6000 years ago (4750–3700 B.C.) and they have been subjected to a cephalometric evaluation by computer and their mandibles and crown have been measured along with the Modern. The data resulting from this measurements have been compared and used in significant tests that led to interesting conclusions. The average Neolithic human ANB angle turned out to be smaller (P<0.05), while their 1-NA (mm) and 1-AP (mm) resulted to be large in comparison with the Modern one. Both Y axis angle and the occlusal plane angle resulted to be smaller for the Neolithic skulls (P<0.01). This results suggest that the Neolithic facial skeleton shows a more evident development: the data of the mandibles are remarkably different in the Neolithic and in the Modern skulls. Indeed, the Neolithic human mandibles are larger: its impacted third molar is 7.5% (the Moderns is 26.5–45.0%; their third molar congenital deficiency is 9.4% (the Moderns is 40.6%). The significance of our results is then discussed.

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