A Comparative Study of Physicochemical Characteristics of Siddhewadi and Morna Tank, South Western Part of Maharashtra, India

The South-western part of Maharashtra includes the Sangli, Satara, and Kolhapur districts. These three districts are agriculturally well-developed due to fertile land, and huge water resources such as the river Krishna and its tributaries. Several minor irrigation tanks which was specially built for irrigation and drinking purposes. The Siddhewadi and Morna MI tanks are major water resources to the Tasgoan and Shirala tehsil community, therefore, to study the present water quality status through fresh water macro invertebrates and its diversity of the above water bodies, the present work was done in Morna and Siddhewadi tank during August 2022 to July 2023. The total 1500 macro invertebrate individuals were observed. The total 39 macro invertebrate species were reported. Macro invertebrate species belonged to 7 orders and 19 families in the reported area. Biological Monitoring Working Party Score (BMWPS) of 39 species of macro invertebrates were studied, it indicates that 21 are sensitive while 18 are tolerant species.

While providing water for irrigation, the reservoirs have been a source of fresh water for the rural communities, and, more recently, they have become the focus for expanding the inland fishery industry. This paper assessed nutrient enrichment in minor seasonal irrigation tanks in the Kurunegala District in relation to different stages in the paddy cultivation cycle. Findings of the study will be useful to determine their compatibility with safe levels for fisheries, among other uses. The study was extended to cover other selected parameters relating to water quality. Surface water from 50 minor tanks were sampled over pre-cultivation, cultivation and post-cultivation stages of the paddy cultivation cycle in the Yala (n= 27) and Maha (n=23) seasons and analyzed for NO3-N, PO4- P, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity and pH, using standard methods and portable instruments. Results showed considerable spatial variation in nutrients between the 50 tanks and marked temporal variation through the three sampling stages. For NO3-N, there was a shift in the proportion of tanks containing low and high nutrient levels through the pre-cultivation, cultivation, and post cultivation stages. The mean levels were 0.01- 1 mg l-1 during pre-cultivation and post-cultivation and 1.0 - 5.0 mg l-1 during cultivation, with distinct peaks observed in the Yala and Maha seasons. The variation of PO4- P was different, with the majority of the tanks having levels of 1 – 5 mg l-1 PO4- P during all sampling stages, and with no pronounced peaks. Nutrient levels indicate that a majority of the minor tanks become eutrophic during the two cultivation seasons. The other tested parameters also depicted spatial and temporal variation, and water quality indices revealed that the quality of water deteriorates during paddy cultivation. Based on these findings, particularly for nutrients, we conclude that many of the minor tanks become eutrophic during the cultivation season and may not offer optimal conditions for the intended uses, one of them being rearing of fish and shellfish. Mitigation measures must therefore be implemented to reap maximum benefits associated with these minor irrigation tanks.

Risk assessment and configuration of water and land resources system network in the Huang-Huai-Hai watershed

Land resources and water resources are the important material basis of economic and social development, and their pattern determines the pattern of development. Based on the panel data of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle from 2011 to 2018, this paper evaluates the matching degree of water and land resources, and their respective matching degrees with the economic development in the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle with the Gini coefficient method. Based on the two-way fixed effect model, an extended Cobb–Douglas production function model is established to analyze the sensitivity of economic growth to land and water factors. In addition, the restriction degree of water and land resources to the economic development of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle is measured quantitatively by using the growth damping coefficient. The results show that the water and land resources and economic development of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle have a high matching degree, but the inner cities have a great difference. The contribution of water resources to economic growth is greater than that of land resources. Both of them have a little growth drag, which shows that industrial development has disposed of the dependence of water and land resources. The development of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle needs to play the role of technological progress in promoting economic growth, and at the same time optimize the use of water and land resources to reduce its constraints on the economic growth. Finally, the policy suggestions of matching water and land resources and economic growth in different regions are put forward.

In response to the severe situation of water and land resources in China, this paper uses the DPSIR (driving force–pressure–state–impact–response) model and two-stage network DEA (data envelopment analysis) model to evaluate the carrying capacity and utilization efficiency of land and water resources in 31 provinces of China from 2009 to 2017. The empirical results show that the carrying capacity and the efficiency values of land and water resources in most areas of China do not perform well and show a downward trend during the sample period. Specifically, the carrying capacity of land and water resources show a decreasing trend from north to south and from east to west. In addition, the response to the current situation of land and water resources has an important influence on the carrying capacity. The utilization efficiency of water and soil resources is significantly different in the two stages in most regions, indicating that the efficiency of economic benefit transformation is far greater than land and water resources development. Our results shed some insights on land and water utilization efficiency management and provide political recommendations for different regions.

Assessment of natural resource endowment and urban-rural integration for sustainable development in Xinjiang, China

The underlying surface structure is being reshaped by climate change and human activities, which in turn affects the hydrological processes in inland river basins, with significant consequences for coupling patterns of water and land resources in inland river basins of arid and semi-arid regions. However, current studies of coupling pattern of water and land resources analysis focus on available water and visible land resources in the districts, so that there is an urgent need for research on the simulation and prediction for water and land resources coupling of the micro-scale. Therefore, this study firstly evaluated and predicted the land resources by MCE-CA-Markov model and soil quality index function with environment factors and socio-economic factors, then generalized and simulated the water resources by SWAT, and construct the Water-Land Nexus Model for water conservation and water consumption zones to clear the impact mechanisms of water and land resources nexus in inland river basins. The results show that the nexus index of water and land resources present a decreasing distribution from water conservation area to water consumption area of the Shiyang River Basin, with that being lower than 0.1 (mainly in the water consumption area). The coupling index of water and land resources of Shiyang River Basin decreases from 0.1105 in 1980 to 0.1071 in 2000. In 2020-2050, the water conservation area exhibit an increasing trend, but that of the water consumption area is decreasing. The Geo-detector results show that soil quality index, blue water resource and DEM are the main factors influencing the coupling of water and land resources in Shiyang River Basin, follow by precipitation, temperature and green water resource, and the effects of POP and GDP could be negligible. Furthermore, the interactions between natural and socio-economic factors are stronger than the ones within each other, indicating that natural factors are the main influences on water-land nexus and it is important to consider the interactions of nature along with the human activities.

The Water Crisis in Yemen: Managing Extreme Water Scarcity in the Middle East

Many of the Andhra Pradesh minor irrigation tanks are inter-connected cascades, allowing surplus flow of the upstream tanks and return flow from the upstream command area to reach straight away downstream tank. To increase the irrigation supply in downstream of command area, irrigation tanks are being used. There are several troubles of the irrigation tanks, such as reduction of design discharge as a result of silting of channel and tanks, deterioration of stone masonry channel, and encroachment of drainage courses and tank water spread leads to the decline of tank performance. Water Resources Department (WRD) is implementing Andhra Pradesh Integrated Irrigation and Agriculture Transformation Project (APIIATP) for improvement and management of minor irrigation tanks through community based approach with the funding of World Bank .The prediction of water availability in tank is important for the purpose of improving productive use of the water resources in a tank cascade system. The land use/land cover map was prepared using LISS-IV imagery. The drainage courses problems are identified in the tank cascade system by SOI 1: 50,000 scale toposheet & satellite image. The problems were found in the earthen channel, catchments and head works. For the identified problems, the remedial measures are suggested for improving the tank cascade system to restore it to its original condition.

In the background of the current supply and demand of land and water resources has become increasingly acute contradictions, this paper conducted a study of coupling effects of land and water resources, making the region of the use for system land and water resources to optimize the rational allocation. The paper established the coupling effect model, and discussed the process of the genetic algorithm to solve multi-objective in detail, calculated the model which established on the papers, maximize mining the inherent potential of the resources systems, achieved the development goals of the sustainable utilization of resources. Finally, take Xi'an Chanba ecological zone for example to make empirical solving, obtained the optimal results of the water and land resources coupling, provided the basis for land and water resource allocation research of system coupling.

ABSTRACTRapid industrial development, urbanization and increase in agricultural production have led to freshwater shortage in many parts of the world. For sustainable development of water resources, it is imperative to make quantitative estimations of the available water resources. The study area, the Kurmapalli Vagu Basin, is located in the semi‐arid tropics of the Deccan Plateau and is a chronic drought‐prone, backward and endemic fluoride area. Hence evaluation of groundwater resources and stage of groundwater development of the Kurmapalli Vagu Basin was carried out utilizing remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in conjunction with conventional methods. The arithmetic average method was used to compute the total quantity of water from precipitation received by the basin. The groundwater resources were evaluated based on Groundwater Resource Estimation Committee norms. Groundwater recharge from rainfall, canals, return flow of irrigation, minor irrigation tanks and water conservation structures were also estimated. The total groundwater recharge and annual utilizable groundwater resources from various sources were computed. The net annual groundwater draft was estimated based on the number and type of wells and unit draft. The groundwater balance of the basin works out to be 1.95 MCM. The stage of groundwater development for the Kurmapalli Vagu Basin as on date works out to be 80.6% which falls in the semi‐critical category. Suggestions have been made for proper augmentation of groundwater resources. Further, to ensure sustainable development of the basin water‐harvesting structures have been proposed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An Assessment of Resource Potentials for Sustainable Development of Micro-watershed in Tirunelveli District Using Geoinformatics– A Case of Nambiyar Micro-watershed in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India

This article is devoted to the study of the main environmental problems of local areas, which are associated with anthropogenic pressure on the quality of water and land resources. The scientific novelty of the work is identified the specific ecological factors which influence on the local areas and analyzed the cause deterioration of water and land quality. The research program provided for the application of a systematic approach to determine the main aspects of anthropogenic pressure on the state of local areas in order to evaluate the impact of urbanization and agricultural activities on land and water resources. To implement the research program, the following tasks were: to determine the factors influencing urbanization and agricultural activities on the state of land and water resources of local areas, which causes a significant anthropogenic load on the territory; to study the main factors of pollution of local areas due to anthropogenic load. According to the results articles we analyzed and determined the main environmental factors which had affect and influence on the quality water and land resources of local territories (Kyiv and Khmelnytsky regions). In particular, it was clarified that the main factors deteriorating the quality of water resources were discharges of untreated wastewater from enterprises and filtration water from landfills, which, due to technological violations, came from landfills to riverbeds. The anthropogenic pressure on land resources is due to the agricultural sector, in particular, it was found that uncontrolled use of agrochemicals and untreated manure in the studied areas were a predictable risk factor for soil contamination by pathogenic bacteria and heavy metals.

Construction and application of a refined index for measuring the regional matching characteristics between water and land resources

Industrial wastes are useless wastes generated by industrial activities such as manufacturing, fabrication, construction, chemical plants and others. They are among harmful pollutants that affect the environment and water bodies through pollution. In Ethiopia, the rapid industrialization has led to generation of industrial wastes including hazardous ones. But, knowledge of these wastes and their impact on humans and the surrounding environment is very limited. In addition, to minimize the generation of wastes and develop pollution control measures this study has become imperative. Therefore, this review was conducted to examine the different types of industrial wastes, their impacts and their management challenges in Ethiopia. These issues were addressed through exploration of different studies conducted on industrial wastes in Ethiopia and by referring various journals. The study indicated industrial wastes and their impact on the environment were widely prevalent in Ethiopia especially, in Addis Ababa due to abundance of medium and large scale industries compared to other parts of the country. The sources for these wastes include textile and garment industries, tanning industries, beverage industries, industrial parks and others. The wastes from poorly managed industries are contributors to the pollution of both water bodies and different urban areas. Similarly, solid industrial waste management has become a serious challenge that affects the human welfare and the environment in different parts of the country. However, the management of these industrial wastes is inadequate due to absence of treatment plants for each industry, absence comprehensive, integrated and sustainable solid waste management plan, problem with rapid growth of population and insufficient resources to deal with industrial waste management issues. Keywords : Industrial Wastes, Management, Challenge, Ethiopia. DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-8-01 Publication date :October 31 st 2019