Abstract
BackgroundMental health, substance use/addiction and violence (MSV) are important issues affecting the well-being of Indigenous People in Canada. This paper outlines the protocol for a research-to-action program called the Mental Wellness Program (MWP). The MWP aims to increase community capacity, promote relationship-building among communities, and close gaps in services through processes that place value on and supports Indigenous communities’ rights to self-determination and control. The MWP involves collecting and using local data to develop and implement community-specific mental wellness strategies in five First Nations in Ontario.MethodsThe MWP has four key phases. Phase 1 (data collection) includes a community-wide survey to understand MSV issues, service needs and community strengths; in-depth interviews with individuals with lived experiences with MSV issues to understand, health system strengths, service gaps and challenges, as well as individual and community resilience factors; and focus groups with service providers to improve understanding of system weaknesses and strengths in addressing MSV. Phase 2 (review and synthesis) involves analysis of results from these local data sources and knowledge-sharing events to identify a priority area for strategic development based on local strengths and need. Phase 3 (participatory action research approach) involves community members, including persons with lived experience, working with the community and local service providers to develop, implement, and evaluate the MWP to address the selected priority area. Phase 4 (share) is focused on developing and implementing effective knowledge-sharing initiatives. Guidelines and models for building the MWP are shared regionally and provincially through forums, webinars, and social media, as well as cross-community mentoring.DiscussionMWP uses local community data to address MSV challenges by building on community supports and resilience factors. Drawing on local data and each community's system of formal and informal supports, the program includes sharing exemplary knowledge-to-action models and wellness strategies developed by and for First Nations people that can be used by other First Nations to identify shared wellness priorities in each community, and determine and execute next steps in addressing areas of main concern.
Highlights
Mental health, substance use/addiction and violence (MSV) are important issues affecting the wellbeing of Indigenous People in Canada
The Mental Wellness Program (MWP) has three important characteristics: a) it builds on strengths and resilience, unlike most previous health research initiatives on or with Indigenous peoples in Canada which have focused on health inequities and deficit-based analyses; b) is consistent with recent influential policies, guidelines, and funding calls related to Indigenous health research in Canada [1,2,3], it prioritizes Indigenous-led projects, Indigenous self-governance of research data and practices, and capacity building; and c) involves Indigenous communities working together in the spirit of reciprocity, sharing knowledge about challenges and lessons learned
One First Nation involved in our study identified prescription drug abuse, illicit drug use, and alcohol use in their top five community challenges while the number one chronic stressor identified by participants was having someone in the family with an alcohol or drug problem [11]
Summary
Substance use/addiction and violence (MSV) are important issues affecting the wellbeing of Indigenous People in Canada. The overall goal of the MWP is to collect and use local knowledge to establish and address a communityidentified priority area related to mental health, substance use, and/or violence (MSV) in five First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The proposal for this project was collaboratively developed by health leaders in two participating First Nations communities, several Centre for Addiction and Mental Health researchers, and both Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledge users. In addition to the effects of historical trauma, Indigenous Peoples experience ongoing stressors, including large socioeconomic disparities [8], discrimination, racism, and oppression [5]
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