Abstract
The commercial aircraft fuel burn and emission estimates of CO2, CO, H2O, hydrocarbons, NOx and SOx for 2005–2011 are given as the 4-D Aircraft Fuel Burn and Emissions Inventory. On average, the annual fuel burn and emissions of CO2, H2O, NOx, and SOx increased by 2%–3% for 2005–2011, however, annual CO and HC emissions decreased by 1.6% and 8.7%, respectively because of improving combustion efficiency in recent aircraft. Approximately 90% of the global annual aircraft NOx emissions were emitted in the NH between 2005 and 2011. Air traffic within the three main industrialised regions of the NH (Asia, Europe, and North America) alone accounted for 80% of the global number of departures, resulting in 50% and 45% of the global aircraft CO2 and NOx emissions, respectively, during 2005–2011. The current Asian fleet appears to impact our climate strongly (in terms of CO2 and NOx) when compared with the European and North American fleet. The changes in the geographical distribution and a gradual shift of the global aircraft NOx emissions as well as a subtle but steady change in regional emissions trends are shown in particular comparatively rising growth rates between 0 and 30°N and decreasing levels between 30 and 60°N.
Highlights
The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrogen oxide (NOx ), sulphur oxide (SOx ), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2 O), and hydrocarbons (HC) from aircraft can have a significant impact on the atmosphere by changing its oxidising capacity and the greenhouse gas removal rates, by increasing the levels of greenhouse gases, and by forming particles, contrails, and cirrus cloud [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
On the 20th anniversary of the first comprehensive aircraft emission inventory, we presented a timeline of seven consecutive years (2005–2011) of estimates of the mission fuel burn, a reserve fuel requirement, and the emissions of CO2, CO, H2 O, HC, NOx, and SOx of present day global and regional air traffic
The estimation referred to as the 4-D Aircraft Fuel Burn and Emissions Inventory was based on a detailed representation of the global fleet derived from actual records of air traffic movements and a detailed distribution of the fuel consumption and the emissions throughout the entire flight cycle
Summary
The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrogen oxide (NOx ), sulphur oxide (SOx ), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (H2 O), and hydrocarbons (HC) from aircraft can have a significant impact on the atmosphere by changing its oxidising capacity and the greenhouse gas removal rates, by increasing the levels of greenhouse gases, and by forming particles, contrails, and cirrus cloud [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The presence of aviation induced H2 O, sulphate particles can form contrails at high altitudes and promote formation of cirrus clouds, which may have an effect on climate change [2]. The estimation of aircraft CO2 and NOx emissions in the form of inventories is a crucial component in the assessment of the atmospheric and climate impact of aviation. Because the estimates in the 4-D Aircraft Fuel Burn and Emissions Inventory were derived using one, self-consistent method, they present an illustrative historical trend analysis that narrates a story of markedly deviating growth and decline, and capture the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis.
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