Abstract
In this work, we introduce the Architecture Tech for High-Pressure Experiments Net Assembly (ATHENA) package based on diamond anvil cells, combining both the deposition of specimens as well as the detection of probes on anvils layer by layer. The specimens are typically ~1 μm in thickness and very hard to manipulate with traditional hand skills. ATHENA represents an all-in-one package by accurately synergizing chip-like networks prepared using magnetic sputtering methods and guaranteeing well-designed dimensions, positions and perfect electric contacts. We apply ATHENA successfully to the study of lanthanum metal above 60 GPa, showing very sharp pressure-enhanced superconductivity and parabolic critical temperature (Tc) evolution as a function of pressure with pressure-enhanced itinerant behavior at normal state.
Highlights
High pressure is a very powerful way to change the properties of a material by modulating the interatomic spacing, electron phonon coupling, crystal structure and so on
Center hole of μm in diameter was further drilled temperature were investigated via four probe electrical conductivity methods in a diamond anvil cell at the cubic boron nitride (cBN) layer to serve as the sample chamber
The value of n moves from smaller to larger than 2 within the pressure range (FL) and to a more free electron-like system. This can be well understood as electrons become ofitinerant experiments, indicating that normal state gradually transformed from a correlated electron system when energy bands widen at high pressures
Summary
High pressure is a very powerful way to change the properties of a material by modulating the interatomic spacing, electron phonon coupling, crystal structure and so on. Materials have shown abundant pressure-induced and novel phenomena, such as structural phase transitions, electronic topological transitions (ETT), insulator-to-metal transitions and eventually superconductivity at tens of GPa of pressure [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Experiments with materials at very high pressure, such as at tens of GPa of pressure, are very challenging as it is necessary to load samples of several micrometers size into very small chambers. Introducing various probes or contacts to a sample with a dimension of several micrometers is very difficult to perform by hand. There are some reports of the production of various electric leads based on magnetic sputtering or complicated lithography techniques [8,9,10,11], the sample must eventually be loaded by hand. The method is proven to be very effective for studying superconductivity in lanthanum (La)
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