Abstract
A collection of symbiotic pea mutants consisting of 34 lines was created. The morphobiological and symbiotic description of different types of pea mutants is presented. The mode of inheritance of symbiotic characters is analyzed. For the first time in pea, hypernodulation mutations with dominant inheritance were isolated. Differences in the structure of bacteroid tissues of root nodules were revealed between mutants with effective and ineffective nodules. Using reciprocal root/stem and stem/root grafts, the plant organ producing nodulation-controlling factors was established. New hypernodulation-controlling genes—nod4 and nod6—were identified. For the first time in pea, using pure lines derived from cultivars with contrasting nodulation, the new gene Nod5–nod5 was found. The dominant allele of this gene controls abundant nodulation, high nitrogen fixation, and nitrate resistance. Pea cultivars carrying the Nod5 gene that can be used in selection for improved symbiotic properties were identified.
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