Abstract
Abstract: Wheat breeding in Brazil began in 1919. A cross between the varieties Fronteira and Mentana gave rise to Frontana, the most popular ever released, being recommended for more than 40 years. Frontana played an important role as a source of resistance to leaf and stripe rust as well as resistance to preharvest sprouting. Possessing an early maturity cycle, it contributed to change the predominant varietal pattern at that time. The resistance gene Lr34 was first described in Frontana. The gene confers durable adult plant resistance to leaf rust and other biotrophic fungi. Because of its durability, stability across environments, haplotype diversity and wide geographical distribution, Lr34 is probably the most important single resistance gene in wheat. We evaluated 453 wheat varieties that have been released or recommended for cultivation in Brazil from 1922 to 2016 using KASPar markers to detect those varieties carrying the diagnostic mutations corresponding to the presence of the Lr34 resistance allele.
Highlights
Wheat breeding in Brazil, which began in 1919, is completing a century in 2019 (Del Duca 1999, Sousa and Caierão 2014)
In a century of wheat breeding in Brazil, more than 540 varieties were released to farmers
From the 453 accessions analyzed in this study, 117 (25.86%) were found to carry the mutation corresponding to the Lr34 leaf rust resistance allele (Table S1)
Summary
Wheat breeding in Brazil, which began in 1919, is completing a century in 2019 (Del Duca 1999, Sousa and Caierão 2014). Based on the results of both DNA and pedigree analysis, we discuss the likely inheritance of this locus through generations of varieties released in Brazil, from the very beginning of breeding programs to the present day.
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