Abstract
An inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune disease that primarily affects the central nervous system mainly targeting optic nerve and spinal cord is called neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The term NMOSD refers to a recently revised nomenclature that includes new diagnostic criteria, such as serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) antibody serological testing. One of the two common symptoms of NMOSD is optic neuritis or myelitis, which might appear as the initial symptom. And other symptoms include weakness, numbness, paralysis of limbs, nausea, vomiting, imbalance. It is thought to be related to an autoimmune reaction in which the immune system unintentionally targets healthy cells, particularly targeting proteins in the central nervous system like aquaporin-4. Seronegative NMOSD is treated with methylprednisolone, plasma exchange therapy, and IV immunoglobulin-G therapy.
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