Abstract
Automatic proportional integral derivative control techniques are applied in a single-stage solar absorption cooling system, showing 3.8 kW (~1 ton) cooling capacity, with a coefficient of performance of 0.6 and −4.1 °C evaporator cooling temperature. It is built with plate heat exchangers as main components, using ammonia–water as the working mixture fluid and solar collectors as the main source of hot water. Control tuning was verified with a dynamical simulation model for a solution regarding mass flow stability and temperature control in the solar absorption cooling system. The controller improved steady thermodynamic state and time response. According to experimental cooling temperatures, the system could work in ranges of refrigeration or air-conditioning end-uses, whose operation makes this control technique an attractive option to be implemented in the solar absorption cooling system.
Highlights
Since 1990, there has been a more than threefold increase in the demand for space cooling in buildings
The high-temperature water provided to the system by the solar collectors was between 98 and 110 ◦ C, and the cooling water temperatures were in the range 26–30 ◦ C; they extracted thermal energy from the condenser and the absorber in a serial circuit fed with cooling water starting at AB, so AB
This study has made it possible to advance in the operation of the system, improving the performance of the equipment operating without control, achieving, on average, cooling powers of 3.8 kW, external coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.58, and −4.1 ◦ C evaporator cooling temperature at a desorber temperature of 86 ◦ C and condenser temperature of 26 ◦ C
Summary
Since 1990, there has been a more than threefold increase in the demand for space cooling in buildings. Space cooling contributed with the emission of 1 Gt CO2 and around. 8.5% of global electricity consumption, according to the 2019 global energy report [1]. Some reasons are: the improvement in environmental comfort, urban growth, and climatic changes that cause drastic variations in temperatures. Following the same trend over the years, cooling demand growth rates will continue in the decade. It has been recorded that global refrigeration consumption is the cause of 15% of electricity demand peaks, and for days of intense heat, it can be responsible for more than 50% of electricity demand peaks in the residential sector [2]
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