A brief study on the kinetic of the voltammetric behavior of the modified carbon paste electrode with NiO nanoparticles towards loratadine as a carboxylate-amidic drug compound

Abstract

A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified by NiO nanoparticles (NPs). NiO NPs were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. The non-calcined NiO NPs and the calcined one at 200 °C showed an amorphous phase. The calcined sample’s grain size was estimated at 36 and 42 nm by applying the Scherer and Williamson-Hall equations, respectively. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the NiO-CPE showed an irreversible response with a peak separation of 320 mV in 0.1 M NaOH. The peak current was improved by the addition of loratadine (Lor). The apparent charge transfer coefficients of αa and αc were 0.56 and 0.32, and the rate-constant values (ks) were 0.068 and 0.01 s−1 for the anodic and cathodic directions from the CV results, respectively. The diffusion coefficient (D) was estimated 1.48 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 for the Lor analyte. The modified electrode had a geometric surface area of about 0.0314 cm2 and the effective one of about 0.2 cm2.